Comprehensive analysis of elevator static sectoring control systems using Monte Carlo simulation

Al-Sharif, Lutfi; Yang, ZS; Hakam, Ammar; AlRaheem, Alaa Abd

doi:10.1177/0143624417752644

Cited by 7 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…A diferencia de la estática, la sectorización dinámica necesita implementar heurísticas ad hoc o algoritmos de inteligencia artificial para obtener un rendimiento eficiente. Por el contrario, en el caso de la sectorización estática [85], los métodos exactos pueden funcionar razonablemente bien pues el número de casos a evaluar viene acotado, no creciendo no-polinomialmente. Es por ello por lo que el interés para nosotros se centra en la sectorización dinámica.…”

Section: Figura 10 Ejemplo De Sectorización En Un Edificiounclassified

Una revisión del estado del arte de los problemas asociados al transporte vertical mediante ascensores en edificios

Cortés¹,

Onieva²,

Muñuzuri³

et al. 2018

DyO

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El transporte vertical es una disciplina que estudia los movimientos de personas en edificios. Los edificios altos se han convertido en una construcción común hoy en día. En dichos edificios, el transporte vertical es un problema que requiere un enfoque sistemático y ordenado. Así, para casos extremos en determinados edificios singulares, la ordenación del transporte vertical se convierte en un problema muy difícil de manejar, especialmente cuando diferentes personas llegan casi al mismo tiempo a plantas específicas deseando viajar hasta otras plantas de destino. Para resolver tales situaciones, la instalación de sistemas de control de grupos de ascensores (conocidos en inglés como Elevator Group Control Systems, EGCS) es una práctica habitual. Los EGCS se utilizan para gestionar ascensores coordinados múltiples en un edificio con el objeto de transportar pasajeros de manera eficiente. Los EGCS deben satisfacer las demandas asignando un ascensor a cada llamada de planta, realizando el despacho de ascensores atendiendo a diferentes criterios de optimización. Este artículo realiza una revisión sistemática y muestra distintas clasificaciones de las contribuciones más relevantes en la industria del transporte vertical, abordando tanto la revisión de la literatura científica, como las patentes en la industria y los trabajos recogidos en revistas de carácter profesional.

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Section: Figura 10 Ejemplo De Sectorización En Un Edificiounclassified

Una revisión del estado del arte de los problemas asociados al transporte vertical mediante ascensores en edificios

Cortés¹,

Onieva²,

Muñuzuri³

et al. 2018

DyO

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“…However, it is reliant on reliable estimation of the passenger arrival rate. 9 Albertos and Mareels 10 classify control goals into a number of different levels as follows: The idea of changing the number of sectors dynamically in the control system falls within the supervision category. A suggested block diagram of the system is shown in Figure 2.…”

Section: Application In Elevator Sectoring Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A suggested block diagram of the system is shown in Figure 2. 9 The proposed real-time estimator in this paper is part of a feed-forward controller that detects the inter-arrival time of passengers and estimates the value of the arrival rate intensity, l (in units of passengers per second) as representative of the passenger demand. The estimated value of the l is passed to a function or a lookup table that maps the arrival rate to the optimal number of sectors, Sn.…”

Section: Application In Elevator Sectoring Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A benchmark and real-time estimator for the passenger arrival rate to elevator system

Hammoudeh

Al-Sharif

Al-Shabi

2018

Building Services Engineering Research and Technology

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Arrival rate is the number of passengers arriving for elevator service in a certain period of time. Arrival rate is fundamental in expressing the heaviness of the traffic. Hence, it is vital for determining the required number of elevators and the specifications of each elevator such as the speed, capacity, and sector sizes. The passenger arrival process is a random process that is full of noise, and a processing step is required to extract the arrival rate from recorded arrival times of passengers. This work develops a real-time estimator and a benchmark for estimating the arrival rate. There are three contributions in this work; the first is suggesting a benchmark for estimating arrival rate; singular spectrum analysis extracts the arrival rate from noisy data. Hence, singular spectrum analysis is suggested as a benchmark for evaluating the performance of other algorithms. Even though singular spectrum analysis is powerful in extracting the arrival rate, it is not convenient for updating the arrival rate in real time. The second contribution is developing a real-time estimator for the passenger arrival rate that updates its parameters dynamically; dynamic exponentially weighted moving average was developed to provide instantaneous arrival rate updates. The third contribution is introducing exponentially weighted moving average as a linear model for passenger arrival, which opens the door to a large number of model-based algorithms in control theory; Kalman filtering was developed in this work on the top of the EWMA linear model. The results of applying Kalman filtering and DEWMA to real-life data show them as efficient methods for estimating passenger arrival rate to the elevators in real time. Practical application: The methods presented in this paper would allow an elevator controller designer to detect the intensity of the passenger arrival rate. By doing this, it is possible for the elevator controller to switch between different group control algorithms. For example, it could decide to switch from conventional group control to sectoring control and vice versa.

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“…with one single sector). The work in Al-Sharif et al 2 was based on equal sector sizes (based on equal populations). Published research 3 suggests that the handling capacity is maximised by employing unequal population sectors and maximising the handling capacity by iteratively adjusting the size of the sectors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis and comparison of the two sectoring approaches in elevator traffic systems

Al-Sharif

Hammoudeh

Al-Saidi

2019

Building Services Engineering Research and Technology

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Sectoring is a group control algorithm that is used in elevator traffic control systems by grouping passengers that have common destinations or common origins into elevator cars that serve these floors. The building is split into sectors usually comprising contiguous floors. Two different alternative algorithms for sectoring are discussed in this paper. The first approach is based on dynamic allocation with equal sector allocation. The second approach is based on static allocation with unequal sector sizes. Under static allocation, the same elevator car is allocated to the same sector in every round trip. Under dynamic allocation, each elevator car is allocated to a different sector in each round trip. Under the dynamic allocation scheme suggested in this paper, the elevator cars are sequenced to the various sectors in the buildings in a round-robin fashion. It is important to note that under both schemes, the provided (relative) handling capacity of different sectors is equalised. Five different buildings have been analysed using the two suggested sectoring algorithms. The building is first designed by finding the required number and speed of elevators assuming conventional control. Each building is then analysed using one of the two suggested sectoring algorithms. In order to compare the performance of the two sectoring algorithms, the provided (relative) handling capacity is calculated. The provided (relative) handling capacity of the two suggested algorithms is then compared. Very little difference was found between the two algorithms. The dynamic sectoring with equal sector sizes offers the convenience of having equal sector sizes. The static sectoring with unequal sector sizes is more convenient for passengers that are familiar with the building. Practical application: This paper analyses two different options for sectoring the control system of an elevator system in a building. Each of the two sectoring methods is suitable for different situations. The dynamic allocation method is more suitable for destination group control systems and offers the group controller more flexibility. The static allocation method with unequal sector sizes ensures that the passengers remain familiar with the elevators that they use to get to their floors. The programmer of the elevator group controller can programme both methods in the controller and allow it to switch to the most suitable algorithm depending on the prevailing conditions.

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Comprehensive analysis of elevator static sectoring control systems using Monte Carlo simulation

Cited by 7 publications

References 18 publications

Una revisión del estado del arte de los problemas asociados al transporte vertical mediante ascensores en edificios

Una revisión del estado del arte de los problemas asociados al transporte vertical mediante ascensores en edificios

A benchmark and real-time estimator for the passenger arrival rate to elevator system

Analysis and comparison of the two sectoring approaches in elevator traffic systems

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