Comprehensive Analysis of the Impact of TWDP Fading on the Achievable Error Rate Performance of BPSK Signaling

Abstract

To effectively analyze the influence of two-wave with diffuse power (TWDP) fading on the achievable error rate performance of binary phase-shift keying (BPSK) signaling, we derive two novel concise asymptotic closed-form bit error rate (BER) formulas. We perform asymptotic analysese based on existing exact and approximate BER formulas, which are obtained from the exact probability density function (PDF) or moment generating function (MGF), and the approximate PDF of TWDP fading. The derived asymptotic closed-form expressions yield explicit insights into the achievable error rate performance in TWDP fading environments. Furthermore, the absolute relative error (ARE) between the exact and approximate coding gains is investigated, from which we also propose a criterion for the order of an approximate PDF, which is more robust than the conventional criterion. Numerical results clearly demonstrate the accuracy of the derived asymptotic formulas, and also support our proposed criterion. key words: two-wave with diffuse power (TWDP) fading, BPSK, asymptotic error rate, absolute relative error (ARE)

An Alternative Statistical Characterization of TWDP Fading Model

“…Consequently, although some analytical results obtained using K and ∆ can be corrected by replacing parameter ∆ with Γ, using the relation ∆ = 2Γ/(1 + Γ 2 ), parameterization based on a nonlinear relationship between V 1 and V 2 causes anomalies in graphical representations of PDF and ASEP expressions. Namely, corresponding ASEP curves are indistinguishably dense spaced for the entire range of ∆ < 0.5, which can be clearly observed from ( [15], Figure 3) and ([2], Figure 7). In addition, the shapes of the corresponding PDF curves for all ∆ < 0.5 are almost the same as the shape of a Rician PDF curve obtained for ∆ = 0 and the same value of K, which is evident from ([1], Figure 7) and ([2], Figure 3).…”

“…In the last twenty years, the TWDP model has been extensively studied theoretically [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20]. Additionally, its existence is supported by practical evidence both in mmWave 5G communication networks equipped with directional antennas or arrays [21] and in wireless sensor networks deployed in cavity environments [22].…”

“…are mostly obtained in approximate forms [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14], derived using the approximate PDF expression. However, it has been shown that analysis based on an approximate PDF expression is accurate only for a narrow range of K and ∆ values [1,15], which can only be used for the description of limited fading conditions.…”

Adaptive M-MRC scheme with estimation error over TWDP fading

“…Though a closed form expression of this fading model is not available, a good approximate close form expression has been given in Frolik (2007) for different values of 'k' and 'A'. Considering the TWDP fading model, the performance analysis of various diversity receivers with perfect channel estimation is available in the literature Lu and Yang (2011)- Kim et al (2018). Following a moment generating function the average bit error rate (ABER) of the MRC receiver over TWDP fading channel has been carried out in Lu and Yang (2011).…”

“…The capacity analysis of arbitrary branches of selection combining (SC) receiver has been introduced in Sing and Subadar (2013). Two asymptotic closed form bit error rate (BER) formulas have been presented in Kim et al (2018) considering a TWDP fading channel. In Goldsmith and Varaiya (1997) capacity analysis has been done, considering the perfect channel side information at the transmitter over Rayleigh fading channel.…”