Comprehensive characterization and environmental implications of spent telecommunication printed circuit boards: Towards a cleaner and sustainable environment

Beiki, Vahid; Naseri, Tannaz; Mousavi, Seyyed Mohammad

doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.116482

Cited by 13 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…The application of 21st-century solvents-ionic liquids (ILs)-in the recycling of metals has been popular for many years [3]. E-waste generated globally is a source of many metals, such as Cu, Zn, Ni, Al, Fe, Pb, and Sn, as well as precious metals (Au, Ag, Pd, and Pt), and rare earth metals (Y, Eu, Ce, Gd, and La) [8][9][10][11]. The most popular methods for recycling metals from WPCBs are the well-known hydrometallurgical and pyrometallurgical processes [12][13][14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recovery of Strategic Metals from Waste Printed Circuit Boards with Deep Eutectic Solvents and Ionic Liquids

Domańska,

Wiśniewska,

Dąbrowski

2024

Processes

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The recycling of metals from waste printed circuit boards (WPCBs) has been presented as a solid–liquid extraction process using two deep eutectic solvents (DESs) and four ionic liquids (ILs). The extraction and separation of Cu(II), Ag(I), and other metals, such as Al(III), Fe(II), and Zn(II), from the solid WPCBs (after the physical, mechanical, and thermal pre-treatments) with different solvents are demonstrated. Two popular DESs were used to recover valuable metal ions: (1) choline chloride + malonic acid, 1:1, and (2) choline chloride + ethylene glycol, 1:2. The extraction efficiencies of DES 1 after two extraction and two stripping stages were only 15.7 wt% for Cu(II) and 17.6 wt% for Ag(I). The obtained results were compared with those obtained with four newly synthetized ILs as follows: didecyldimethylammonium propionate ([N10,10,1,1][C2H5COO]), didecylmethylammonium hydrogen sulphate ([N10,10,1,H][HSO4]), didecyldimethylammonium dihydrogen phosphate ([N10,10,1,1][H2PO4]), and tetrabutylphosphonium dihydrogen phosphate ([P4,4,4,4][H2PO4]). Various additives, such as didecyldimethyl ammonium chloride surfactant, DDACl; hydrogen peroxide, H2O2; trichloroisocyanuric acid, TCCA; and glycine or pentapotassium bis(peroxymonosulphate) bis(sulphate), PHM, were used with ILs during the extraction process. The solvent concentration, quantity of additivities, extraction temperature, pH, and solid/liquid, as well as organic/water ratios, and the selectivity and distribution ratios were described for all of the systems. The utilization of DESs and the new ILs with different additives presented in this work can serve as potential alternative extractants. This will help to compare these extractants, additives, extraction efficiency, temperature, and time of extraction with those of others with different formulas and procedures. The metal ion content in aqueous and stripped organic solutions was determined by the ICP-MS or ICP-OES methods. The obtained results all show that solvent extraction can successfully replace traditional hydrometallurgical and pyrometallurgical methods in new technologies for the extraction of metal ions from a secondary electronic waste, WPCBs.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recovery of Strategic Metals from Waste Printed Circuit Boards with Deep Eutectic Solvents and Ionic Liquids

Domańska,

Wiśniewska,

Dąbrowski

2024

Processes

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“…They produce cyanide using HCN synthase and decarboxylated glycine at the end of the growth logarithmic phase of cyanogenic bacteria. 42,43 As illustrated in eqn (2), cyanide can be secreted in two forms, including the hydrocyanic acid (HCN) and the cyanide anion (CN − ), in a reversible reaction in equilibrium. Noteworthy is that due to the pK a of HCN, metalcyanide complexes' generation occurs at high pH values.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A comprehensive review of bioleaching optimization by statistical approaches: recycling mechanisms, factors affecting, challenges, and sustainability

et al. 2023

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Drivers and Pathways for the Recovery of Critical Metals from Waste‐Printed Circuit Boards

Xia,

Lee,

Charpentier

et al. 2024

Advanced Science

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The ever‐increasing importance of critical metals (CMs) in modern society underscores their resource security and circularity. Waste‐printed circuit boards (WPCBs) are particularly attractive reservoirs of CMs due to their gamut CM embedding and ubiquitous presence. However, the recovery of most CMs is out of reach from current metal‐centric recycling industries, resulting in a flood loss of refined CMs. Here, 41 types of such spent CMs are identified. To deliver a higher level of CM sustainability, this work provides an insightful overview of paradigm‐shifting pathways for CM recovery from WPCBs that have been developed in recent years. As a crucial starting entropy‐decreasing step, various strategies of metal enrichment are compared, and the deployment of artificial intelligence (AI) and hyperspectral sensing is highlighted. Then, tailored metal recycling schemes are presented for the platinum group, rare earth, and refractory metals, with emphasis on greener metallurgical methods contributing to transforming CMs into marketable products. In addition, due to the vital nexus of CMs between the environment and energy sectors, the upcycling of CMs into electro‐/photo‐chemical catalysts for green fuel synthesis is proposed to extend the recycling chain. Finally, the challenges and outlook on this all‐round upgrading of WPCB recycling are outlined.

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Comprehensive characterization and environmental implications of spent telecommunication printed circuit boards: Towards a cleaner and sustainable environment

Cited by 13 publications

References 54 publications

Recovery of Strategic Metals from Waste Printed Circuit Boards with Deep Eutectic Solvents and Ionic Liquids

Recovery of Strategic Metals from Waste Printed Circuit Boards with Deep Eutectic Solvents and Ionic Liquids

A comprehensive review of bioleaching optimization by statistical approaches: recycling mechanisms, factors affecting, challenges, and sustainability

Drivers and Pathways for the Recovery of Critical Metals from Waste‐Printed Circuit Boards

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