Comprehensive evaluation of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) in typical highly urbanized regions across China

Wang, Zhuo; Zhang, Xihui; Huang, Yong; Wang, Hui

doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2015.04.021

Cited by 157 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Owing to often high prescription rates, and limited removal of excreted bioactive forms in wastewater treatment plants, various psychiatric pharmaceuticals end up in aquatic environments. [1][2][3][4][5] There, exposure to those pharmaceutical residues may affect aquatic wildlife [6][7][8] because many biological systems (e.g. enzymes, receptors) that pharmaceuticals interact with are evolutionarily conserved across a wide range of species.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tissue-specific uptake of the benzodiazepine oxazepam in adult Eurasian perch (Perca fluviatilis)

et al. 2016

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Environmental context. Although pharmaceuticals are found in wild fish, there is no consensus as to which fish tissue to use when measuring the pharmaceutical concentrations. Using the psychiatric pharmaceutical oxazepam in Eurasian perch as an example, we found that oxazepam was distributed in the perch tissues in the following order of concentration: muscle , liver ¼ brain , blood plasma. These results help to interpret and compare previous studies, and provide guidance for future studies.Abstract. Psychoactive substances are used worldwide and constitute one of the common groups of pharmaceutical contaminants in surface waters. Typically, in field surveys and laboratory studies, muscle or whole-body homogenates are used to quantify pharmaceutical concentrations in biota, although uptake of pharmaceuticals may be tissue-specific. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the tissue-specific (muscle, liver, brain and blood plasma) uptake of the anxiolytic oxazepam in adult Eurasian perch (Perca fluviatilis). In laboratory experiments, perch were exposed to four different concentrations (2, 4, 12 and 20 mgL À1 ) of oxazepam for 6 days, and muscle, liver, brain tissue and blood plasma were sampled to determine tissue-specific bioconcentration. We found that the tissue-specific bioconcentration was independent of oxazepam concentration. However, among tissue types, bioconcentration was significantly different, with the concentration in muscle , liver ¼ brain , blood plasma. Hence, it is important to consider the type of tissue used to quantify pharmaceutical uptake in fish, for predictions of species-specific sensitivity and comparisons across studies. Furthermore, our results indicate a somewhat lower transportability (brain/plasma ratio 0.54) of oxazepam from blood to brain in fish compared with in mammals, which should be kept in mind when employing 'read-across' approaches.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tissue-specific uptake of the benzodiazepine oxazepam in adult Eurasian perch (Perca fluviatilis)

et al. 2016

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“…In this study, antibiotics accounted for approximately half of the total contaminant levels; the compounds with the highest median concentrations included sulfadimethoxine, sulpiride, and atenolol (164, 77.3, and 52.9 ng/L, respectively; Wang et al 2015). Another study used solid-phase microextraction to analyze phthalates in drinking water samples from Leipzig, Germany, and Katowice, Poland (Luks-Betlej et al 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 84%

“…A study of 36 PPCP in urban rivers in Beijing, Changzhou, and Shenzhen, China, detected 28 compounds from five therapeutic classes (Wang et al 2015). In this study, antibiotics accounted for approximately half of the total contaminant levels; the compounds with the highest median concentrations included sulfadimethoxine, sulpiride, and atenolol (164, 77.3, and 52.9 ng/L, respectively; Wang et al 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pharmaceuticals and personal care products in waters: occurrence, toxicity, and risk

et al. 2015

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Pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCP) are compounds with special physical and chemical properties that address the care of animal and human health. PPCP have been detected in surface water and wastewater in the ng/L to µg/L concentration range worldwide. PPCP ecotoxicity has been studied in a variety of organisms, and multiple methods have been used to assess the risk of PPCP in the environment to ecological health. Here we review the occurrence, effects, and risk assessment of PPCP in aquatic systems, as well as the sustainability of current methods for managing PPCP contamination in aquatic systems. The major points are the following: (1) a number of PPCP present potential concerns at environmentally relevant concentrations. PPCP mixtures may produce synergistic toxicity. (2) Various methods have been used for the ecological risk assessment of PPCP in aquatic systems. There are similarities in these methods, but no consensus has emerged regarding best practices for the ecological risk assessment of these compounds. (3) Human health risk assessments of PPCP contamination in aquatic systems have generally indicated little cause for concern. However, there is a lack of information regarding whether antibiotic contamination in wastewater and aquatic systems could lead to an increase in clinically relevant antibiotic-resistant bacteria and antibiotic-resistant genes. (4) Over the next century, the combination of increasing global population size and potential droughts may result in reduced water availability, increased need for water reuse, and increasing concentrations of PPCP in wastewaters. The current wastewater treatment methods do not remove all PPCP effectively. This, coupled with the possibility that antibiotics may promote the development of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and antibiotic-resistant genes, leads to concerns about the sustainability of global water supplies.

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“…Until now, WWA studies in China have focused only on estimating the consumption of recreational illicit drugs (Du et al, 2015;Khan et al, 2014;Li et al, 2014). Although many studies have monitored the occurrence of a wide variety of PPCPs in wastewater and other environmental compartments (Bu et al, 2013;Chen et al, 2012;Peng et al, 2008;Sim et al, 2010;Wang et al, 2015;Yu et al, 2011), few studies in China have attempted to link the load measured in the influent with consumption in the population (Sui et al, 2010). Elsewhere, WWA has been used to assess the geographical consumption patterns of illicit drugs (Been et al, 2016) and has been proposed as a tool to assess consumption of PPCPs (Thomas and Reid, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measuring selected PPCPs in wastewater to estimate the population in different cities in China

Gao

O’Brien

et al. 2016

Science of The Total Environment

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Sampling and analysis of wastewater from municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) has become a useful tool for understanding exposure to chemicals. Both wastewater based studies and management and planning of the catchment require information on catchment population in the time of monitoring. Recently, a model has been developed and calibrated using selected pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCPs) measured in influent wastewater for estimating population in different catchments in Australia. The present study aimed at evaluating the feasibility of utilizing this population estimation approach in China. Twenty-four hour composite influent samples were collected from 31 WWTPs in 17 cities with catchment sizes from 200,000-3,450,000 people representing all seven regions of China. The samples were analyzed for 19 PPCPs using liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry in direct injection mode. Eight chemicals were detected in more than 50% of the samples. Significant positive correlations were found between individual PPCP mass loads and population estimates provided by WWTP operators. Using the PPCP mass load modeling approach calibrated with WWTP operator data, we estimated the population size of each catchment with good agreement with WWTP operator values (between 50-200% for all sites and 75-125% for 23 of the 31 sites). Overall, despite much lower detection and relatively high heterogeneity in PPCP consumption across China the model provided a good estimate of the population contributing to a given wastewater sample. Wastewater analysis could also provide objective PPCP consumption status in China.

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Comprehensive evaluation of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) in typical highly urbanized regions across China

Cited by 157 publications

References 45 publications

Tissue-specific uptake of the benzodiazepine oxazepam in adult Eurasian perch (Perca fluviatilis)

Tissue-specific uptake of the benzodiazepine oxazepam in adult Eurasian perch (Perca fluviatilis)

Pharmaceuticals and personal care products in waters: occurrence, toxicity, and risk

Measuring selected PPCPs in wastewater to estimate the population in different cities in China

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