Comprehensive evolutionary analysis of the Anthroherpon radiation (Coleoptera, Leiodidae, Leptodirini)

Njunjić, Iva; Perrard, A.; Hendriks, Kasper P.; Perreau, Michel; Merckx, Vincent; Baylac, Michel; Deharveng, Louis

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0198367

Cited by 13 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…Our extension of Janzen's hypothesis to subterranean habitat also provides a potential mechanism for explaining the high rate of local endemism and increased species packing that are typically observed in disparate subterranean systems (e.g., Hedin, ; Njunjić et al, ; Ribera et al, ; Wessel et al, ). It is acknowledged that strong topographic heterogeneity could both inflate speciation rate by increasing specialization and imposing barriers to dispersal, and decrease the extinction rate by promoting local survival during climate shifts (Eme et al, ; Jetz & Rahbek, ; Ohlemüller et al, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 69%

Extending Janzen’s hypothesis to temperate regions: A test using subterranean ecosystems

et al. 2019

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Janzen’s hypothesis (1967; American Naturalist) predicts that tropical habitats with reduced thermal seasonality would select for species with narrow thermal tolerance, thereby limiting dispersal among sites of different elevations showing little overlap in temperature. These predictions have so far been tested by confronting tropical and temperate mountain communities, leaving unresolved the question of their generalization to habitats with low thermal seasonality outside the tropics. We provide the first extension of Janzen’s hypothesis to temperate habitats, by testing for differences in thermal tolerance and elevational range among congeneric alpine spiders (Araneae: Linyphiidae: Troglohyphantes) occurring along a steep gradient of decreasing thermal seasonality with increasing cave depth. Using species from the same temperate region rather than from distinct biogeographic regions avoids confounding the effects of short‐ and long‐term climatic variability on thermal tolerance and elevational range extent. Following Jansen’s assumptions, we predicted that cave habitats with low thermal seasonality would select for narrow thermal tolerance. Also, specialized subterranean species would exhibit both narrower elevational range extents and smaller realized thermal niche breadths. Initially, we showed that thermal seasonality and the overlap in temperature across caves were considerably lower in deep than in shallow cave habitats. Then, we measured thermal tolerance and used morphological traits to quantify the degree of specialization to subterranean life of 11 spider species. We found that thermal tolerance decreased with increasing subterranean specialization. Deep subterranean species reached their critical temperature at 1–4°C above their habitat temperature, whereas shallow subterranean species withstood a twofold larger temperature increase. At last, we demonstrated that a species’ elevational range extent and the variation of temperature encountered across its range decreased with increasing specialization to deep subterranean life. Our integrative work, being grounded in organismal and habitat measures, represents the first generalization of Janzen’s framework to caves and provides a conceptual framework to disentangle the effect of long‐term climate variability on subterranean biodiversity patterns. Extending Janzen’s thoughts to a broader range of ecosystems is key to understanding how the ecological specialization–dispersal trade‐off may constrain the response of species to climate change. A free Plain Language Summary can be found within the Supporting Information of this article.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 69%

Extending Janzen’s hypothesis to temperate regions: A test using subterranean ecosystems

et al. 2019

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“…Important subterranean radiations are known in all major taxonomic groups (Deharveng & Bedos, 2019), but only a few of them have been well documented. These include Amphipoda (Zakšek et al ., 2019), Collembola (Lukić et al ., 2019), and Coleoptera (Leys et al ., 2003; Faille et al ., 2010; Njunjić et al ., 2018). Which evolutionary processes best explain these radiations remains highly debated (Q13) and it would be particularly interesting to compare and contrast radiations of surface‐dwelling plants and animals (Gillespie et al ., 2020) with subterranean‐adapted species to determine if any universal patterns exist.…”

Section: Origin and Evolutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fundamental research questions in subterranean biology

et al. 2020

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Five decades ago, a landmark paper in Science titled The Cave Environment heralded caves as ideal natural experimental laboratories in which to develop and address general questions in geology, ecology, biogeography, and evolutionary biology. Although the ‘caves as laboratory’ paradigm has since been advocated by subterranean biologists, there are few examples of studies that successfully translated their results into general principles. The contemporary era of big data, modelling tools, and revolutionary advances in genetics and (meta)genomics provides an opportunity to revisit unresolved questions and challenges, as well as examine promising new avenues of research in subterranean biology. Accordingly, we have developed a roadmap to guide future research endeavours in subterranean biology by adapting a well‐established methodology of ‘horizon scanning’ to identify the highest priority research questions across six subject areas. Based on the expert opinion of 30 scientists from around the globe with complementary expertise and of different academic ages, we assembled an initial list of 258 fundamental questions concentrating on macroecology and microbial ecology, adaptation, evolution, and conservation. Subsequently, through online surveys, 130 subterranean biologists with various backgrounds assisted us in reducing our list to 50 top‐priority questions. These research questions are broad in scope and ready to be addressed in the next decade. We believe this exercise will stimulate research towards a deeper understanding of subterranean biology and foster hypothesis‐driven studies likely to resonate broadly from the traditional boundaries of this field.

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“…Since then, a wealth of evidence has accumulated testifying that subterranean organisms are indeed among the most spectacular biological models on earth. Subsurface habitats yield some remarkable examples of convergent evolution (Jones et al 1992, Juan et al 2010, Protas and Jeffery 2012, of striking biological radiations (Wessel et al 2013, Hedin 2015, Njunjić et al 2018, and subterranean organisms can provide key evidence for timely and debated topics, from the 'tempo and mode' of speciation (Wilkens and Hüppop 1986, Leys et al 2003, Arnedo et al 2007, Niemiller et al 2008, Ribera et al 2010, Strecker et al 2012 to the existence of life on other planets (Rohwerder et al 2003, Boston et al 2006, Northup et al 2011. A charismatic example attesting the potential of subterranean species as biological models is offered by cavefishes, especially those in the genus Astyanax (Characidae).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Finding answers in the dark: caves as models in ecology fifty years after Poulson and White

2018

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The use of semi-isolated habitats such as oceanic islands, lakes and mountain summits as model systems has played a crucial role in the development of evolutionary and ecological theory. Soon after the discovery of life in caves, different pioneering authors similarly recognized the great potential of these peculiar habitats as biological model systems. In their 1969 paper in Science, 'The cave environment', Poulson and White discussed how caves can be used as natural laboratories in which to study the underlying principles governing the dynamics of more complex environments. Together with other seminal syntheses published at the time, this work contributed to establishing the conceptual foundation for expanding the scope and relevance of cave-based studies. Fifty years after, the aim of this review is to show why and how caves and other subterranean habitats can be used as eco-evolutionary laboratories. Recent advances and directions in different areas are provided, encompassing community ecology, trophicwebs and ecological networks, conservation biology, macroecology and climate change biology. Special emphasis is given to discuss how caves are only part of the extended network of fissures and cracks that permeate most substrates and, thus, their ecological role as habitat islands is critically discussed. Numerous studies have quantified the relative contribution of abiotic, biotic and historical factors in driving species distributions and community turnovers in space and time, from local to regional scales. Conversely, knowledge of macroecological patterns of subterranean organisms at a global scale remains largely elusive, due to major geographical and taxonomical biases. Also, knowledge regarding subterranean trophic webs and the effect of anthropogenic climate change on deep subterranean ecosystems is still limited. In these research fields, the extensive use of novel molecular and statistical tools may hold promise for quickly producing relevant information not accessible hitherto.

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Comprehensive evolutionary analysis of the Anthroherpon radiation (Coleoptera, Leiodidae, Leptodirini)

Cited by 13 publications

References 58 publications

Extending Janzen’s hypothesis to temperate regions: A test using subterranean ecosystems

Extending Janzen’s hypothesis to temperate regions: A test using subterranean ecosystems

Fundamental research questions in subterranean biology

Finding answers in the dark: caves as models in ecology fifty years after Poulson and White

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