“…Therefore, the maximum output power (MOP) of each PV panel, P q,est , and total MOP, P est , can be estimated as LGF / UGF) [6,[11][12][13]. When any fault occurs in a PV panel, voltage, current, and power meters can be employed to measure the output power, P q,mea , of each panel, as seen in the measurement system in Figure 2(b).…”