Comprehensive off-line silver phase liquid chromatography × gas chromatography with flame ionization and vacuum ultraviolet detection for the detailed characterization of mineral oil aromatic hydrocarbons

Mass-Spectrometry-Based Research of Cosmetic Ingredients

“…Silva et al [66] reported comprehensive structural characterization of several commercial dextrins, which were used to produce adipose dihydrazide crosslinked oxidized dextrin hydrogels by MALDI-TOF in the positive-ion reflector mode using delayed extraction in the mass range between 600 and 4500 Da, and size exclusion chromatography (SEC). MS characterization provided important data on the chemical structure of different maltodextrins, determining the number of glucose oligomers (6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17) contained in carbohydrate polymer chains (degree of polymerization, DP), which is essential to establish potential applications for commercial maltodextrins [65].…”

“…The analysis of cosmetics represents a challenge mainly because of the great variety of ingredients and formulations leading to immense matrix complexity and variability. In this field, many analytical techniques play a crucial role, each designed to meet specific demands to understand the molecular nature of cosmetic products and the complexity of their formulations: chromatography (liquid chromatography (LC) [ 5 , 6 ], gas chromatography (GC) [ 7 , 8 ], supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) [ 9 ], capillary electrophoresis (CE) [ 10 , 11 ], spectroscopy [ 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 ], electrochemistry [ 18 ], colorimetry [ 19 , 20 ], mass spectrometry (MS) [ 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 ], interfacial methods [ 32 , 33 ], rheological assessment [ 34 , 35 , 36 ], olfactometry, and electronic nose technology [ 37 , 38 , 39 ]. Recent advances in MS and ionization techniques provide access to richer and deeper information on monitoring the molecular compositions of endogenous or exogenous compounds in or on the skin as well as those used in cosmetic formulations, with less time and effort.…”

Evolution of hyphenated techniques for mineral oil analysis in food

“…Comprehensive LC–GC (LC × GC) has also appeared in the field of MOH determination. Although never applied for the direct determination of MOH extracted from food, it has been presented for the characterization of “food‐related” MOH (i.e., petroleum products and white mineral oils supplied for pharmaceutical and food applications) [77–80]. Therefore, the technique is herein briefly described to provide a proof of concept of the potentiality of the technique, which most likely will be applied for the determination of MOSH and MOAH extracted from food in a near future.…”

“…More recently, García‐Cicourel et al. [80] proposed an offline silver phase LC × GC analysis coupled with FID or vacuum UV detector. Although the system was not hyphenated, the data were elaborated as it was, obtaining 2D plots comparable to the one presented by de Koning et al.…”