Comprehensive Organic Reactions in Aqueous Media

Empowering a transition-metal-free coupling between alkyne and alkyl iodide with light in water

“…Although the past several decades have witnessed tremendous successes of transition-metal catalysis in organic chemistry, the difficulty associated with metal residues has led to concerns in, for example, the pharmaceutical and electronic industries. Transition-metal (depleting and precarious) 3,4 -free couplings in water (a greener solvent) 5 enabled by photoenergy (a cleaner energy input) 6 provide great opportunities towards more sustainable synthetic chemistry.…”

The Barbier–Grignard-type arylation of aldehydes using unactivated aryl iodides in water

“…Recently, there has been increasing interest in the development of Barbier-Grignard-type reactions in water [6][7][8][9][10] . Many types of reactions that are traditionally conducted in organic solvents can be carried out in water with additional interesting features [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16] , largely due to the inherent advantages of using aqueous organometallic reactions over those occurring in organic solvents [11][12][13][17][18][19] . For instance, there is the practical convenience of not having to handle inflammable and anhydrous organic solvents.…”

Montmorillonite K-10: An efficient and reusable catalyst for the synthesis of quinoxaline derivatives in water

“…Reactions that are performed in water have gained increased interest in synthetic chemistry over the past decade not only for the advantages accorded by avoiding extensive drying of reactants, catalysts and solvents, but also for the development of environmentally friendly processes [1]. Moreover when a heterogeneous catalyst is used, the insoluble catalyst can be separated by simple filtration and the catalyst can be recycled.…”