Comprehensive practical evaluation of wired and wireless internet base smart grid communication

Abstract

Internet-based communications is a key solution for enabling low-cost and scalable communication infrastructure for different applications of the smart grid. However, the performance of this network needs to be evaluated practically in the context of smart grid applications based on key metrics such as latency and reliability. This article is a comprehensive evaluation of the United Kingdom Internet network characteristics which will allow the smart grid systems designer to consider the essential parameters for communication applications. This article will focus not only on three smart grid applications, but also the outcome of this research which is relevant to a wider range of Internet of Things (IoT) applications. Different combinations of off-the-shelf wired and wireless last-mile communication technologies are evaluated using real-world transport protocols such as the Transport Control Protocol (TCP)and the User Datagram Protocol (UDP). The performance of TCP/UDP has been tested in a realistic client-server communication test-bed. The results from extensive evaluations show that typical latency values are between 200 and 600 ms for data packets and 50 bytes and kbytes for short control packets. Moreover by applying data compression techniques ,the results can be improved about 5%-20% for different last mile communications. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non-commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.

Impact of Compression and Small Cell Deployment on NB-IoT Devices Coverage and Energy Consumption with a Realistic Simulation Model

“…Increasing the size of the data packet will increase the latency values. The very high latency results for 3G wireless technologies in Figure 9 and Figure 10 mainly is because of higher data packet loss that in detail has been presented in [ 23 ] for transmitted data without using compression techniques.…”

“…Table 6 , showing the compression and decompression processing time in a client platform (Raspberry Pi 3B+) for the selected lossless compression techniques. This type of processor is representative of what may be used in an advanced client device implementing sophisticated smart grid functions such as demand response [ 23 ]. In simpler devices such as smart meters, it is more common to use lower power microcontroller devices, which would require a longer processing time.…”

“…In this research work, we have compared wireless last-mile communication technologies as shown in Table 7 , based on estimated latency and data rate values that can be found from the literature and previous research work [ 23 , 25 ]. According to the references [ 23 , 26 , 27 ] MCL (signal strength) can impact significantly on the value of the latency.…”

“…In this research work, we have compared wireless last-mile communication technologies as shown in Table 7 , based on estimated latency and data rate values that can be found from the literature and previous research work [ 23 , 25 ]. According to the references [ 23 , 26 , 27 ] MCL (signal strength) can impact significantly on the value of the latency. The latency for two standard protocols—the transmission control protocol (TCP) and user datagram protocol (UDP)—have been simulated for a smart grid IoT network in [ 28 ].…”

An Energy-Efficient and Blockchain-Integrated Software Defined Network for the Industrial Internet of Things

“…These items or gadgets have been given a special address linked to the Internet. The IoT consists of a heterogeneous spectrum of devices that can be wired or wireless, use a variety of protocols, and be a part of numerous contexts and networks [ 14 ]. By 2021, it is predicted that more than 46 billion IoT devices will be in operation, according to the latest Juniper research [ 15 ].…”