Comprehensive review and future research directions on using various lanthanum-based adsorbents for selective phosphate removal

Calcium ferrites for phosphate adsorption and recovery from wastewater

“…After regeneration, the regenerated adsorbent may differ from the fresh adsorbent; incomplete desorption of phosphate is also possible. 4,21,22,24,25…”

“…Adsorbents that have a longer useful life and excellent recyclability allow for a reduction in the operational cost of the adsorption process. 21,22 There are two ways in the literature for regeneration and reuse of the adsorbent: extraction of the adsorbed phosphate through desorption and restoration of the original structure of the adsorbent. In the recovery of phosphate adsorbents, different solutions containing NaOH and NaHCO 3 / Na 2 CO 3 at different concentrations can extract the adsorbed phosphate through desorption.…”

“…In the recovery of phosphate adsorbents, different solutions containing NaOH and NaHCO 3 / Na 2 CO 3 at different concentrations can extract the adsorbed phosphate through desorption. [21][22][23][24][25] Regeneration is generally carried out through alkaline washing (pH > 13), where P accumulates and is later recovered. Aggressive chemicals can deteriorate the adsorbent, reducing its performance and useful life.…”

“…Aer regeneration, the regenerated adsorbent may differ from the fresh adsorbent; incomplete desorption of phosphate is also possible. 4,21,22,24,25 This work prepared calcium ferrite adsorbents by a simple route synthesis at different Ca : Fe (1 : 1, 1 : 2, 1 : 3, 2 : 1) atomic ratios and calcination temperatures (300, 700 and 900 °C). Different techniques characterized the materials and provided insights into the structure and composition of the adsorbents.…”

Synthesis of MgO-Coated Canna Biochar and Its Application in the Treatment of Wastewater Containing Phosphorus

“…However, the surface of traditional biochar is negatively charged, and there are some limitations to its adsorption of P [10]. Therefore, some scholars have modified biochar by loading it with the metal ions Fe [11,12], Al [13], Mg [14,15], Ca [16], Bi [17], La [18], etc., so as to improve the adsorption capacity of biochar for P. Compared with other elements, magnesium (Mg) is a medium element required by plants; it is inexpensive and environmentally safe, and phosphorus-adsorbed biochar that contains more magnesium can be used as a soil amendment to reduce soil toxicity and provide the nutrients needed for crops. In some studies, MBC was prepared by the pyrolysis of magnesium salt and straw biochar, and modified with amino and hydroxyl functional groups.…”