Comprehensive review of osmotic dilution/concentration using FO membranes for practical applications

Zhan, Min; Kim, Youngjin; Hong, Seungkwan

doi:10.1016/j.desal.2021.115190

Cited by 23 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 235 publications

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“…[21][22][23][24] Additionally, the FO process faces hurdles such as DS regeneration and separation, concentration polarization (CP) 25 on the feed side, reverse solute diffusion (RSD), and membrane fouling. 26,27 Fouling is a significant issue in the membrane that hinders the membrane performance, membrane life, and water flux efficiency. Several attempts have been made to improve the performance of FO membranes either by increasing the flux or reducing the reverse solute flux via membrane modification or composition optimization methods.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Thermo‐responsive polymer to clean fouled forward osmosis membrane after wastewater treatment: Excellent flux recovery

Rai,

Pandey,

Singh

et al. 2024

Polymer Engineering & Sci

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Thermally responsive polymers (TRPs) have gained significant attention in the past decade due to their unique phase transition behavior, those exhibiting changes in properties with temperature variations. In water, hydrophilic block copolymers form helical structures that can transform into hydrophobic globules above the lower critical solution temperature (LCST). Fouling is one of the limiting issues for the forward osmosis (FO) process in wastewater treatment. In this work, after the treatment of wastewater from the paper and pulp industries, foulants were removed from the surface of the commercial polyamide thin‐film composite membrane of the FO process using polyvinyl methyl ether (PVME), a TRP with an LCST of 35–37°C. PVME was mixed with different aqueous solutions to form cleaning solutions. Foulant cleaning experiments utilized a 1% PVME (w/v) solution in 300 mL of de‐ionized (DI) water, while 1 M NaCl solution served as the draw solution (DS) in the FO process. Comparing the water flux (J) and change in membrane hydraulic resistance (Rf) among pristine, fouled, and cleaned membranes revealed a 56.67% increase in water flux and a 51.68% decrease in membrane resistance after PVME mixed with DI water cleaning solution showcasing its effectiveness in improving membrane performance and reducing fouling. The cleaning efficiency of two solutions, that is, 1% PVME mixed in DI water and 1% PVME mixed in 1 M aqueous urea solution, is compared. Results showed that the former cleaning solution helped to obtain 32.62% higher water flux and 56.05% less membrane resistance. Various membrane characterizations are performed, such as field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE‐SEM), which characterizes the membrane's pore structure and surface morphology, while a contact angle analyzer assesses hydrophilicity. This research highlights the use of TRPs as effective cleaning agents, enhancing membrane performance by effectively removing foulants on the membrane surface. Investigating alternative cleaning solutions also provides insights for optimizing water treatment processes.Highlights Cleaning of fouled thin‐film composite membrane using thermal‐responsive polymers (TRPs). Polyvinyl methyl ether, a TRP with an lower critical solution temperature of 35–37°C used as a cleaning agent. 60% increase in water flux was observed after the single‐step cleaning process. Multiple uses of TRP for cleaning performed with no membrane damage.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Additionally, the FO process faces hurdles such as DS regeneration and separation, concentration polarization (CP) 25 on the feed side, reverse solute diffusion (RSD), and membrane fouling 26,27 . Fouling is a significant issue in the membrane that hinders the membrane performance, membrane life, and water flux efficiency.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermo‐responsive polymer to clean fouled forward osmosis membrane after wastewater treatment: Excellent flux recovery

Rai,

Pandey,

Singh

et al. 2024

Polymer Engineering & Sci

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“…While there is an abundance of literature on FO [ 18 , 19 ], aqueous streams in the mining and metals industries received limited attention. The most relevant study to this work is by Dou et al [ 20 ], who successfully used FO to concentrate a vanadium-containing leach solution.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Forward Osmosis for Metal Processing Effluents under Similar Osmotic Pressure Gradients

Devaere

Papangelakis

2023

Membranes

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Water recovery from aqueous effluents in the mining and metals processing industry poses a unique challenge due to the high concentration of dissolved salts typically requiring energy intensive methods of treatment. Forward osmosis (FO) is a lower energy technology which employs a draw solution to osmotically extract water through a semi-permeable membrane further concentrating any feed. Successful FO operation relies on using a draw solution of higher osmotic pressure than the feed to extract water while minimizing concentration polarization to maximize the water flux. Previous studies employing FO on industrial feed samples commonly used concentration instead of osmotic pressures for feed and draw characterization; this led to misleading conclusions on the impact of design variables on water flux performance. By employing a factorial design of experiments methodology, this study examined the independent and interactive effects on water flux by: osmotic pressure gradient, crossflow velocity, draw salt type, and membrane orientation. With a commercial FO membrane, this work tested a solvent extraction raffinate and a mine water effluent sample to demonstrate application significance. By optimizing with osmotic gradient independent variables, water flux can be improved by over 30% without increasing energy costs or compromising the 95–99% salt rejection of the membrane.

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Pilot‐Scale Evaluation of Spiral‐Wound Modules in Osmotically Assisted Reverse Osmosis

Turetta,

Bertucco,

Briani

et al. 2024

Chem Eng & Technol

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The osmotically assisted reverse osmosis (OARO) process is gaining attention for cost‐effective aqueous solution concentration. However, there is a lack of pilot‐scale studies. This research used two spiral‐wound modules in a pilot‐scale plant. The first one, an adapted commercial reverse osmosis module, showed no positive results, likely due to excessive membrane thickness and high internal concentration polarization. In contrast, the second one consisting of a novel forward osmosis prototype demonstrated promising outcomes, achieving water fluxes exceeding 2 L m−2 h−1 even at high salt concentrations (50 g L−1) and relatively low applied pressures (above 12 bar). The study highlights OARO potential, underscores limitations, and emphasizes the need for dedicated module design.

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Comprehensive review of osmotic dilution/concentration using FO membranes for practical applications

Cited by 23 publications

References 235 publications

Thermo‐responsive polymer to clean fouled forward osmosis membrane after wastewater treatment: Excellent flux recovery

Thermo‐responsive polymer to clean fouled forward osmosis membrane after wastewater treatment: Excellent flux recovery

Forward Osmosis for Metal Processing Effluents under Similar Osmotic Pressure Gradients

Pilot‐Scale Evaluation of Spiral‐Wound Modules in Osmotically Assisted Reverse Osmosis

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