Comprendre la dynamique régionale des exploitations de polyculture élevage pour accompagner le développement rural dans les Coteaux de Gascogne

Choisis, Jean Philippe; Sourdril, Anne; Deconchat, Marc; Balent, Gérard; Gibon, Annick

doi:10.1684/agr.2010.0375

Cited by 17 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…We replaced all temporary pastures with wheat in the crop rotations. This change has already been initiated in the early 2000s in this region (Choisis et al 2010) mainly due to the intensity of work needed for livestock farming and the low financial benefits of it compared with crop farming (Ryschawy et al 2013).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simulating seasonal drivers of aphid dynamics to explore agronomic scenarios

et al. 2021

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With the regulation of pesticides in European agricultural landscapes, it is important to understand how pest populations respond to climate and landscape variables in the absence of pesticides at different spatial-temporal scales. While models have described individual biological processes, few have simulated complete life cycles at such scales. We developed a spatially explicit simulation model of the dynamics of the bird cherry-oat aphid (Rhopalosiphum padi) in a pesticide-free simulated landscape using data from an agricultural landscape located in southwest France. Using GLMMs, we ran two statistical methods, one at the crop level, focusing on aphid densities within each crop individually (wheat and its regrowth, corn, and sorghum), and another at the landscape level where aphid densities were not differentiated by crops. For each season, we analyzed how temperature, immigration, and habitat availability impacted on aphid densities. Predictors of aphid densities varied between crops and between seasons, and models for each individual crop resulted in better predictions of aphid densities than landscape-level models. Aphid immigration and temperature were important predictors of aphid densities across models but varied in the directionality of their effects. Moreover, landscape composition was a significant predictor in only four of the nine seasonal crop models. This highlights the complexity of pest-landscape interactions and the necessity of considering fine spatial-temporal scales to identify key factors that influence aphid densities, essential for developing future regulation methods. We used our model to explore the potential effects of two agronomic scenarios on aphid densities: (1) replacement of corn with sorghum, where increases in available sorghum led to the dilution of aphid populations in sorghum in spring and their concentration in summer, and (2) abandonment of pastures for wheat fields, which had no significant effect on aphid densities at the landscape scale. By simulating potential future agronomic practices, we can identify the risks of such changes and inform policy and decision-makers to better anticipate pest dynamics in the absence of pesticides. This approach can be applied to other systems where agronomic and land cover data are available, and to other pest species for which biological processes are described in the literature.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simulating seasonal drivers of aphid dynamics to explore agronomic scenarios

et al. 2021

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“…This hilly region (250–400 m a.s.l.) is characterized by a mosaic of grasslands, small forests and crop fields (mainly winter cereals) [ 43 ]. The climate is sub-Atlantic with slight Mediterranean influences (mean annual temperature, 12.5

C; mean annual precipitation, 750 mm).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wooded Semi-Natural Habitats Complement Permanent Grasslands in Supporting Wild Bee Diversity in Agricultural Landscapes

Rivers‐Moore

Andrieu

Vialatte

et al. 2020

Insects

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Loss of semi-natural habitats (SNH) in agricultural landscapes affects wild bees, often negatively. However, how bee communities respond varies and is still unclear. To date, few studies have used precise descriptors to understand these effects. Our aim was to understand the respective and complementary influences of different wooded and herbaceous habitats on wild bee communities. We selected thirty 500-m radius landscapes on a gradient of a percentage of wooded SNH in south-western France. At each landscape, we sampled wild bees in spring 2016 and plants in spring 2015 and 2016 at the forest edge, in a hedgerow, and in a permanent grassland. Pollen carried by the most abundant bee species was collected and identified. Using beta diversity indices, we showed that wild bee community composition differs between the three SNH types, and especially between herbaceous and wooded SNH. Based on Jacobs’ selection index, we showed that pollen of some plant species recorded in wooded SNH are preferentially selected by wild bees. Studying the impact of the loss of each SNH type on the global bee-pollen interaction network, we found that wooded SNH contributed to its resilience, enabling specific plant–bee interactions. Overall, our results underline the non-negligible contribution of wooded SNH to the diversity of wild bees in agricultural landscapes, and thus the importance of maintaining different types of SNH.

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“…The regional landscape is made up of steep hills and narrow valleys in a fine-scaled landscape mosaic of cropland, hedges, isolated trees and small forests. Natural constraints and the peculiarity of the local "house-based" social system have slowed down agricultural intensification and farm enlargement in this region (Choisis et al 2010), maintaining mixed crop-livestock farming systems although farms are increasingly specializing in either crops or cattle (Ryschawy et al 2012). There is no specific territorial policies to deal with landscape issues /or biodiversity conservation in this site.…”

Section: Data Availability Statementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparing social representations of the landscape: a methodology

Vuillot¹,

Mathevet²

2020

E&S

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Social representations (SRs) are systems of values, ideas, and practices that characterize individuals' and social groups' relationships to both their social and natural environment. Comparing SRs between places, social groups, and through time is critical to understanding how social-ecological systems (SESs) and their diverse uses are perceived, interpreted, and understood. This knowledge needs to be taken into account to achieve efficient land use management of SESs such as agricultural landscapes. People's perceptions of the landscape are increasingly studied in sustainability sciences and a growing number of studies use the SR framework for analyzing differences in SRs between stakeholders and localities or for detecting changes over time. Robust methodologies able to compare SRs are required for this purpose. In this paper, we propose a modular approach to studying SRs from words collected from free listing tasks. This approach relies on standardizing definitions of frequency thresholds commonly used to assess SR content, consensus level, and structure. We then illustrate the value of this methodological approach through a comparative study of farmers' social representations of the agricultural landscape among four contrasted social-ecological contexts in France. We show how our comparative method allows for characterizing spatial variations in SRs and identifying social-ecological factors that influence the structuration and content of SRs. Finally, we discuss our methodological progress and the implications of our results for public policies aimed at managing SESs and in particular agricultural landscapes for conservation.

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Comprendre la dynamique régionale des exploitations de polyculture élevage pour accompagner le développement rural dans les Coteaux de Gascogne

Cited by 17 publications

References 6 publications

Simulating seasonal drivers of aphid dynamics to explore agronomic scenarios

Simulating seasonal drivers of aphid dynamics to explore agronomic scenarios

Wooded Semi-Natural Habitats Complement Permanent Grasslands in Supporting Wild Bee Diversity in Agricultural Landscapes

Comparing social representations of the landscape: a methodology

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