Compulsory Maintenance Treatment Program Amongst Iranian Injection Drug Users and Its Side Effects

Eskandarieh, Sharareh; Jafari, Faranak; Yazdani, Somayeh; Hazrati, Nazanin; Saberi-Zafarghandi, Mohammad Bagher

doi:10.5812/ijhrba.21765

Cited by 18 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Reports and evaluations of the two recent decades in Iran have indicated that primary health care had been influential and succeeded in delivering health services particularly once integrating with mental health affairs (25)(26)(27). Studies need to consider potential and practical strategies if they intend to be productive; staff training, educating the community, concerning preventive measures and reducing harm for substance drug users are among of necessary factors (23)(24)(25)(26)(27)(28). Results of the present study are consistent with other studies (19), and support the notion that it will be significantly effective if professionals integrate preventive and intervention programs in PHC and health services.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

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The Integration Program of Prevention and Treatments of Substance Use and HIV/AIDS in the Rural Primary Health Care (PHC) System of Iran

Zafarghandi

Tabasi

Bolhari

et al. 2016

Int J High Risk Behav Addict

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Background: Drug abuse is the most problematic issue in many countries including Iran. Prevention, treatment and demand reduction programs of drug abuse have the highest priorities. In 2004, Iran's ministry of health and medical education (MOME) integrated prevention and treatment substance use and human immunodeficiency virus infection/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) programs in the rural primary health care (PHC) system. Objectives: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the integration program of prevention and treatment of substance use and HIV/AIDS in the rural primary health care (PHC) system of Iran. Patients and Methods: This was a cross sectional descriptive/qualitative study about supervision, assessment and monitoring by mental health experts team during year 2009. Data was collected mostly from an expert panel, which monitored the program accurately. Results: The findings showed that the program was used in 380 health houses in 10 cities of Iran. The total number of inhabitants covered by the program were 5555258, and 8245 of them were substance abusers. The cases were registered and their data were reported by the managers. The function of health houses, health centers, and district health centers were assessed by considering the number of cases. The centers provided care services, interventions and harm reduction activities, and they referred some cases to specialists or other higher-level professional centers. Many educated experts including Behvarzes, multipurpose health workers, primary health personnel, educated general physicians (GPs) and family physicians (GFs) had worked actively in rural health centers. Furthermore, at district level, executive groups followed up cases were referred by (GFs). Conclusions: Integrating program of prevention and treatment of substance use and HIV/AIDS in PHC system of Iran has positive outcomes. It is one of the most effective ways in this domain. It has a coherent structure, and a high potential in the introducing of PHC services to the community. The program has important impacts on the provision of health services and representation of mental health in rural areas. It seems that the program successes in the most of its goals, and can be continued and enhanced with some changes and reforms in the country.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

“…The program encountered some challenges in Iran; and the PHC requires a more holistic, community-based and comprehensive approach in order to obtain clear and firm outcomes. One of the challenges related to policymaking and law issues is removal, such difficulties that may result in more precise preventive outputs (24)(25)(26)(27)(28)(29).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Integration Program of Prevention and Treatments of Substance Use and HIV/AIDS in the Rural Primary Health Care (PHC) System of Iran

Zafarghandi

Tabasi

Bolhari

et al. 2016

Int J High Risk Behav Addict

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“…These results have shown that this program was approximately successful in decreasing drug users' stress indicators [8]. …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Upon entrance to the rehabilitation center, the aim of the interview was explained to subjects and, after obtaining consent to participation, the questionnaire was completed for each individual via a face-to-face interviews, which were in-depth, semistructured interviews conducted by 3 social workers and 1 clinical psychologist [7, 8]. Qualitative data that were collected through semistructured interviews including the subjects' self-report reasons regarding substance use were extracted via the following questions: “How did you get involved in substance addiction?” and “What was your main reason of substance use?”.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of Social Structures on Deviant Behaviors: The Study of 402 High Risk Street Drug Users in Iran

Mehrabi

Eskandarieh

Khodadost

et al. 2016

Journal of Addiction

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This study is a sociological analysis of the three dimensions of social structure including institutional, relational, and embodied structures that have an impact on the individuals' deviant behaviors in the society. The authors used a mix method to analyze the qualitative and quantitative data of 402 high risk abandoned substance users in 2008 in Tehran, capital city of Iran. The leading reasons of substance use were categorized into four fundamental themes as follows: stress, deviant social networks, and low social capital and weak social support sources. In addition, the epidemiology model of regression analysis provides a brief explanation to assess the association between the demographical and etiological variables, and the drug users' deviant behaviors. In sum, substance use is discussed as a deviant behavior pattern which stems from a comorbidity of weak social structures.

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“…Few countries offer agonist opioid treatment in detention centers, with the exception of Iran, where compulsory mandatory treatment centers offer methadone therapy (Eskandarieh, Jafari et al 2015). Rigorous evidence indicates that voluntary, community-based treatment programmes are more effective in treating addictions than compulsory treatment modalities.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Compulsory treatment of drug use in Southeast Asian countries

Lunze

Lermet²,

Andreeva³

et al. 2018

International Journal of Drug Policy

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In spite of international calls for the closure of compulsory detention centres, the number of facilities and detained people remained high in the seven countries included in the analysis. These officially reported figures are concerning regarding access to effective drug dependence treatment and given the potential for additional human rights abuses within compulsory detention centers. Further concerted policy and advocacy efforts should support transition of treatment for people with drug dependence towards human rights-based and evidence-based drug dependence treatment. Expansion of existing drug and HIV services in the community rather than compulsory treatment modalities will effectively address the region's drug and HIV burden.

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Compulsory Maintenance Treatment Program Amongst Iranian Injection Drug Users and Its Side Effects

Cited by 18 publications

References 8 publications

The Integration Program of Prevention and Treatments of Substance Use and HIV/AIDS in the Rural Primary Health Care (PHC) System of Iran

The Integration Program of Prevention and Treatments of Substance Use and HIV/AIDS in the Rural Primary Health Care (PHC) System of Iran

The Impact of Social Structures on Deviant Behaviors: The Study of 402 High Risk Street Drug Users in Iran

Compulsory treatment of drug use in Southeast Asian countries

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