Computational Fluid Dynamics Analysis of Vertical Axis Wind Turbine Heights for Enhanced Hydrogen Production in Urban Environments

Abstract

A significant surge in the installation of Vertical Axis Wind Turbines (VAWTs) in areas of spatial constraints and fluctuating wind directions has been observed, attributable to the omission of a yaw mechanism, which otherwise would require orientation towards wind direction. Among VAWTs, the Savonius variant, characterized by an S-shaped rotor, assumes a particular interest due to its operational advantages in the drag-based regime and its self-starting capability. Given their ability to generate electricity under low-wind-speed conditions, these turbines are markedly suited for urban locales. This investigation deploys Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) analysis, utilizing ANSYS CFX software, on VAWTs of varying blade heights, facilitating the measurement of torque generation under distinct air velocities. The wind turbine models for this analysis were designed using Creo software. Concurrently, an exploration into the feasibility of VAWTs for hydrogen production through electrolysis is undertaken using analytical methods. Results highlight the substantial influence of turbine height on power generation, which subsequently has direct repercussions on hydrogen production efficiency via the electrolyzer. A 600 mm height VAWT yielded the maximum hydrogen production of 1.05 kg, whereas an 800 mm height VAWT resulted in the minimum production of 0.339 kg. The research findings underscore the potential of VAWTs in hydrogen generation, emphasizing the critical role of wind turbine design optimization in augmenting power generation and, thus, hydrogen production.