Computational Fluid Dynamics Analysis of Effect of Braking Plate Configurations on the Aerodynamic Behaviors of an Ahmed Car

Jiang, Fujian; Niu, Jiqiang; Li, Rui; Wang, Yueming; Zhang, Yingchao

doi:10.1007/s10494-022-00388-w

Cited by 5 publications

(1 citation statement)

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“…Additionally, reducing wheel drag benefits the range of electric vehicles. Consequently, over the past two decades, wheel aerodynamics has been the focus of numerous studies and optimization efforts in academia and industry [6][7][8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parametric Optimization of Wheel Spoke Structure for Drag Reduction of an Ahmed Body

Zhai,

Jiao,

Zhou

2024

CMES

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The wheels have a considerable influence on the aerodynamic properties and can contribute up to 25% of the total drag on modern vehicles. In this study, the effect of the wheel spoke structure on the aerodynamic performance of the isolated wheel is investigated. Subsequently, the 35°Ahmed body with an optimized spoke structure is used to analyze the flow behavior and the mechanism of drag reduction. The Fluent software is employed for this investigation, with an inlet velocity of 40 m/s. The accuracy of the numerical study is validated by comparing it with experimental results obtained from the classical Ahmed model. To gain a clearer understanding of the effects of the wheel spoke parameters on the aerodynamics of both the wheel and Ahmed model, and five design variables are proposed: the fillet angle α, the inside arc radius R 1 , the outside radius R 2 , and the same length of the chord L 1 and L 2 . These variables characterize the wheel spoke structure. The Optimal Latin Hypercube design method is utilized to conduct the experimental design. Based on the simulation results of various wheel spoke designs, the Kriging model and the adaptive simulated annealing algorithm is selected to optimize the design parameters. The objective is to achieve the best combination for maximum drag reduction. It is indicated that the optimized spoke structure resulted in a maximum drag reduction of 5.7% and 4.7% for the drag coefficient of the isolated wheel and Ahmed body, respectively. The drag reduction is primarily attributed to changes in the flow state around the wheel, which suppressed separation bubbles. Additionally, it influenced the boundary layer thickness around the car body and reduced the turbulent kinetic energy in the wake flow. These effects collectively contributed to the observed drag reduction.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%