Computational framework of MHD radiative heat transfer to Carreau nanofluid with Soret‐Dufour effects and activation energy

An incompressible boundary‐layer third‐grade nanomaterial stagnated flow confined by stretchy regime is formulated. The laminar magnetized thermal and solutal flow features the aspects of Brownian diffusion, generalized thermal‐flux, thermophoresis, and generalized solutal‐flux. The dimensionalized third‐grade steady‐state model is obtained by implementing appropriate variables. The subsequent nonlinear mathematical model is analytically computed by utilizing homotopy algorithm. The graphics demonstration of nondimensional fields (i.e., velocity, concentration, and temperature) for distinct physical variables is exhibited. The outcomes for the skin‐friction coefficient are calculated and confirmed to be precise. The analysis reveals that augmented values of material parameters escalate nanomaterial velocity while the Hartman number exhibits lower velocity. The temperature field displays a decaying trend for Prandtl number and thermal relaxation variable while contrary effects for nanoscale parameters (i.e., thermophoresis diffusive and Brownian diffusive) are reported. Besides, the nanomaterial concentration shows a decreasing trend with respect to the Schmidt number, Brownian motion, and solutal‐relaxation variable while thermophoresis parameter exhibits opposite effects. Furthermore, this study could be valuable for the design of various lab‐on‐a‐chip and thermal microfluidic devices in the field of biomedicine. Besides contributing to the creation of new devices, they may also be advantageous for performing genetic testing and developing innovative tools.

Chemically reactive stagnated third‐grade magnetized nanomaterial considering modern diffusion approaches

Kausar,

Nasir,

Waqas

et al. 2024

Numerical simulation of bio‐convection radiative heat transport flow of MHD Carreau nanofluid

Irfan,

Muhammad

2024

To report the challenges and advance of heat transport performance, we aim to scrutinize the motile microbe's phenomenon in mixed convection Carreau nanofluid considering the properties of Soret and Dufour, non‐uniform heat sink/source, radiation and magnetohydrodynamic (MHD). The new mass flux and convective phenomenon are also considered. The inclusion of motile microbe phenomenon in conjunction with Soret and Dufour effects, non‐uniform heat sink/source, radiation, and MHD presents a multifaceted approach to studying heat transport in Carreau nanofluids. By integrating these factors, we gain insights into the complex interplay between thermal conductivity variations, convective heat transfer, and fluid flow behavior. This comprehensive analysis allows for a deeper understanding of how various mechanisms influence heat transport performance, offering valuable insights for optimizing nanofluid‐based heat transfer systems and enhancing their efficiency. The highly nonlinear and coupled partial differential equations (PDE) are transformed using similarity conversion and attained required ordinary differential equations (ODE). The bvp4c algorithm works to derive the solutions subjected to appropriate norms and physical boundary conditions. Furthermore, an assessment made with the obtainable works shows worthy outcomes. The controlling variables influence on the microorganisms, concentration, temperature, and velocity fields are scrutinized graphically for shear thinning and thickening phenomena. Skin frictions, motile density number, and Nusselt numbers of tables are prepared. Additionally, the cases of shear thinning/thickening are discussed in tables. The radiation and Biot factors exaggerate the temperature field; however, Brownian factor decay the fluid concentration. The bioconvection Rayleigh factor decreases and mixed convection factor increases the velocity field. Furthermore, the bioconvection Lewis factor declines the motile microbe's field. The graphs of controlling factors for followings values are plotted for accurate convergence that is, , , , , , , , ,

Significance of Cattaneo–Christov heat flux theory and convective heat transport on Maxwell nanofluid flow

Kamran,

Irfan,

Mansoor

et al. 2024

Recently, nanofluids, which are solutions of fluids mixed with suspended nano‐particles, for instance, carbon nanotubes, metals, and metal oxides, have become a favorable alternative to conventional coolants. Caused by their outstanding thermal performance of conductivity, nanofluids are extensively used in battery‐operated drums, thermoelectric producers, and solar power. The suspension of minor solid components in energy dispersion fluids boosts their thermal enactment of conductivity and gives an economical and resourceful method to increase their transfer properties of heat significantly. Furthermore, additions of nanofluids to numerous engineering and mechanical matters, for instance, electrical kit conserving, heat exchangers, and chemical progressions, are uses of nanofluid. Here, the purpose of this work is to elaborate on the flow of Maxwell nanofluid by considering chemical reactions and heat sink/source. The mathematical structure is established with the presence of Brownian movement and thermophoresis effects. The remarkable aspects of non‐Fourier heat flux are also considered with the transport phenomenon of convective conditions. The similarity alterations change the partial differential equations (PDEs) into ordinary differential equations (ODEs). The obtained expressions of ODEs are solved numerically via the bvp4c approach. The graphical sketches display the declining behavior of Maxwell factor for velocity; however, the same impacts are examined for Brownian and thermophoresis factors. Furthermore, Schmidt and chemical reaction factors decline the concentration field of Maxwell nanofluid.