Computational Modeling and Analysis of Seljukid Muqarnas in Kayseri

Abstract

As a historical and ornamental building element, muqarnas are widely found among the entrances of madrasas, mosques, and hans in Anatolian Seljuk architecture. In Kayseri (Turkey), muqarnas structures are characterized by symmetrical distribution of patterned geometric layers that presents computational rules for the design and construction of these ornamental structures. The presented research focuses on 12 unique muqarnas structures that are analyzed through a computational methodology combining photogrammetry, three-dimensional modeling, symmetry, and graph theory. The computational analysis shows that Seljukid muqarnas exhibit patterned branching of the symmetry axis between layers radiating from their geometric center. Using the modeled samples, the article analyzes inherent symmetry rules and growth patterns while offering a novel way of studying, modeling, and categorizing muqarnas.

Application-based principles of islamic geometric patterns; state-of-the-art, and future trends in computer science/technologies: a review

“…Dinçer and Yazar [174] compared different case studies for the digital modeling of muqarnas systems in which variations were developed by element-based, tessellation-based, and block-based workflow. More recently, Gokmen et al [175] focused on 12 unique muqarnas structures found in Anatolia that were analyzed through a computational methodology combining photogrammetry, three-dimensional modeling, symmetry, and graph theory. Finally, Agirbas et al [176] investigated the symmetrical proportion of inequality of star edge lengths in muqarnas ground projection plans obtained by 3D laser scanning and examination based on shape grammar.…”

A Deformed Muqarnas Dome at the Sala de los Reyes in the Alhambra: Graphic Analysis of Architectural Heritage

“…On the other hand, there are many studies on muqarnas compositions in the Iberian Peninsula [43][44][45], Morocco [46], the Mediterranean basin [47][48][49], Persia [50], and elsewhere [51,52] Later examples, also in Palermo, can be found in the Zisa Palace and the Quba Palace [53][54][55].…”

“…On the other hand, there are many studies on muqarnas compositions in the Iberian Peninsula [43][44][45], Morocco [46], the Mediterranean basin [47][48][49], Persia [50], and elsewhere [51,52]. Among the earliest examples of muqarnas from the West is the wooden ceiling of the Palatine Chapel of the Royal Palace of Ruggero II in Palermo (ca.…”