Computational modeling predicts regulation of central pattern generator oscillations by size and density of the underlying heterogenous network

Ilieş, Iulian; Zupanc, Günther K.H.

doi:10.1007/s10827-022-00835-7

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

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“…In fish similar in size to the ones used in the present study, the Pn consists of roughly 200,000 cells, of which approximately 5,000 are neurons (Sîrbulescu et al 2014 ). However, neuroanatomical and neurophysiological evidence, as well as simulations based on computational modeling, suggest that a relatively small neural network of approximately 90 pacemaker cells and 20 relay cells is sufficient to produce the sustained high-frequency oscillations of the Pn (Elekes and Szabo 1985 ; Dye and Heiligenberg 1987 ; Dye 1991 ; Heiligenberg et al 1996 ; Moortgat et al 2000 ; Sîrbulescu et al 2014 ; Zupanc et al 2014 , 2019 ; Hartman et al 2021 ; Ilieş and Zupanc 2023 ). The pacemaker cells are connected via chemical and electrotonic synapses with each other and the relay cells.…”

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confidence: 99%

The effect of eugenol anesthesia on the electric organ discharge of the weakly electric fish Apteronotus leptorhynchus

Lehotzky,

Eske,

Zupanc

2023

Fish Physiol Biochem

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Eugenol, the major active ingredient of clove oil, is widely used for anesthesia in fish. Yet virtually nothing is known about its effects on CNS functions, and thus about potential interference with neurophysiological experimentation. To address this issue, we employed a neuro-behavioral assay recently developed for testing of water-soluble anesthetic agents. The unique feature of this in-vivo tool is that it utilizes a readily accessible behavior, the electric organ discharge (EOD), as a proxy of the neural activity generated by a brainstem oscillator, the pacemaker nucleus, in the weakly electric fish Apteronotus leptorhynchus. A deep state of anesthesia, as assessed by the cessation of locomotor activity, was induced within less than 3 min at concentrations of 30–60 µL/L eugenol. This change in locomotor activity was paralleled by a dose-dependent, pronounced decrease in EOD frequency. After removal of the fish from the anesthetic solution, the frequency returned to baseline levels within 30 min. Eugenol also led to a significant increase in the rate of ‘chirps,’ specific amplitude/frequency modulations of the EOD, during the 30 min after the fish’s exposure to the anesthetic. At 60 µL/L, eugenol induced a collapse of the EOD amplitude after about 3.5 min in half of the fish tested. The results of our study indicate strong effects of eugenol on CNS functions. We hypothesize that these effects are mediated by the established pharmacological activity of eugenol to block the generation of action potentials and to reduce the excitability of neurons; as well as to potentiate GABAA-receptor responses.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of eugenol anesthesia on the electric organ discharge of the weakly electric fish Apteronotus leptorhynchus

Lehotzky,

Eske,

Zupanc

2023

Fish Physiol Biochem

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The effect of urethane and MS-222 anesthesia on the electric organ discharge of the weakly electric fish Apteronotus leptorhynchus

et al. 2023

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The effect of extracellular potassium concentration on the oscillation frequency of the pacemaker nucleus in the weakly electric fish Apteronotus leptorhynchus

Kawasaki,

Zupanc

2024

J Comp Physiol A

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The weakly electric brown ghost knifefish (Apteronotus leptorhynchus) exhibits a pronounced sexual dimorphism in its electric behavior—males discharge at higher frequencies than females, with little overlap between the sexes. The frequency of these electric organ discharges is controlled by the frequency of the synchronized oscillations of the medullary pacemaker nucleus. Previous studies have suggested that sex-specific differences in the morphology and gene expression pattern of the astrocytic syncytium that envelopes the pacemaking neural network cause differences in its capacity to buffer the extracellular concentration of K+. This change in the K+ buffering capacity affects the K+ equilibrium potential of the neurons constituting the neural network, which in turn modulates the frequency of the pacemaker nucleus. In the present study, we have tested a critical element of this hypothesis by examining whether, and how, changes in the extracellular K+ concentration influence the frequency of the pacemaker nucleus oscillations. By using an in vitro preparation of the pacemaker nucleus, the results of this investigation demonstrate that exposure of this nucleus to acutely increased/decreased concentrations of K+ in the perfusate (while maintaining osmolarity) leads to concentration-dependent increases/decreases in the frequency of the synchronized oscillations generated by the pacemaker nucleus.

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Computational modeling predicts regulation of central pattern generator oscillations by size and density of the underlying heterogenous network

Cited by 3 publications

References 48 publications

The effect of eugenol anesthesia on the electric organ discharge of the weakly electric fish Apteronotus leptorhynchus

The effect of eugenol anesthesia on the electric organ discharge of the weakly electric fish Apteronotus leptorhynchus

The effect of urethane and MS-222 anesthesia on the electric organ discharge of the weakly electric fish Apteronotus leptorhynchus

The effect of extracellular potassium concentration on the oscillation frequency of the pacemaker nucleus in the weakly electric fish Apteronotus leptorhynchus

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