Computational optimization of in vitro parameters for di‐(2‐ethylhexyl) phthalate production from Anabaena circinalis

Abstract

Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is a ubiquitous environmental toxicant, and finds extensive commercial application as a plasticizer to reduce the rigidity of polyvinyl chloride. Besides numerous negative impacts on environment and public health, the compound exhibits acute bioactivity against microbes and has therapeutic value too. Considering this biochemical significance, searching of its new biogenic sources has become an active area of research. Here, DEHP is identified from the biomass of a toxic strain of Anabaena circinalis, which is quite unobvious, and simultaneously, the in vitro physical conditions are optimized by using a swarm-based multiparameter optimization technique. A purified fraction collected from column chromatography is subjected to gas chromatography (GC) to fetch the compound peak and then subsequent mass analysis for its identification. The mass spectrum describes the molecular weight along with the structure of DEHP with 99.9% experimental accuracy. An experimental observation table has been used to frame a fitness function using the curve fitting approach when temperature (T), light and dark period (LD), and duration of subculture cycle (DSC) are considered as the target parameters to be optimized. The optimum values obtained for T, LD, and DSC are 20°C, 14:10 hour light and dark ratio approximately, and 40 days, respectively. This experimental finding of A. circinalis FSS 124 as a novel source of DEHP and subsequent optimization using soft computing tools might be a benchmark for process optimization in biological research.

The Antibacterial and Larvicidal Potential of Bis-(2-Ethylhexyl) Phthalate from Lactiplantibacillus plantarum

“…The ESI-MS/MS analysis ( Figure 5 ) also supported the findings. The results of spectral data were correlated with previous findings in the literature [ 25 , 31 , 34 , 35 ]. This metabolite is also known as Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) and Bis (2 ethyl hexyl) Benzene-1,2-dicarboxylate.…”

“…Furthermore, in the current study the BEHP also showed DNA damage ( Table 5 and Figure 6 ) in C. quinquefasciatus , suggesting that BEHP could bind with the DNA of organisms. The binding could affect the replication process, thereby causing the death of susceptible organisms [ 35 , 43 ] through the mechanisms not studied yet. The observed mortality of C. quinquefasciatus larvae can be caused by the modulate AChE enzymatic activity and can also be attributed due to DNA damage [ 44 ].…”

The Origin of Phthalates in Algae: Biosynthesis and Environmental Bioaccumulation

“…As we will see in the next sections on the efficiency of bioaccumulation and the biodegradation of phthalates, environmental parameters also play a fundamental role in the biosynthesis of phthalates. This was observed in cyanobacteria Anabaena circinalis, where factors such as light, temperature, and nutrients were found to affect the production of DEHP [52].…”