Computational studies, antimicrobial activity, inhibition of biofilm production, and safety profile of the cadmium complex of 1,10‐phenanthroline and cyanoguanidine

Abstract

We have previously determined the crystal structure of the metal complex [Cd (1,10-phenanthroline) 2 (SO 4 )H 2 O]cyanoguanidine•5H 2 O that was characterized by spectroscopic measurements. The antibacterial activity was also determined by the agar diffusion test (zones of inhibition). In the present work, calculations based on density functional theory were performed to determine the contributions of the two different tautomers of cyanoguanidine to the vibrational IR and Raman experimental spectra. Moreover, the antimicrobial (antibacterial and antifungal) activity of the complex and cadmium ion was assessed and the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined.The complexation increased the antimicrobial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosaATCC 27853 and inhibited the biofilm production of this pathogen.Antimicrobial studies were coupled with the evaluation of safety, using the Artemia salinaand Ames test. At the concentrations tested, the cadmium complex behaved as a non-mutagenic and non-toxic compound. Therefore, the interaction of cadmium (II) with N and O-containing ligands may provide a promising strategy for the development of novel and safe drugs with antimicrobial activity.

The Lung Microbiome in COPD and Lung Cancer: Exploring the Potential of Metal-Based Drugs

“…Across all studies, the inclusion of phen was paramount to the potency of the complexes, with the addition of tddaH 2 enhancing their water solubility and mode of action in various microbial cells, which are problematic in chronic lung diseases, particularly highlighting COPD and lung cancer. A series of complexes incorporating phen and cyanoguanidine (cnge) have been reported with the general formula M(II)/phen/cnge (where M = Cd, Cu, or Zn) [319]. The cadmium complex [Cd(phen) 2 (SO 4 )H 2 O]cnge• 5H 2 O possesses enhanced activity across the assessed bacterial and fungal pathogen in comparison to its metal derivatives.…”

“…M(II)/phen/cnge (where M = Cd, Cu, or Zn) [319]. The cadmium complex [Cd(phen)2(SO4)H2O]cnge• 5H2O possesses enhanced activity across the assessed bacterial and fungal pathogen in comparison to its metal derivatives.…”

Analyses of the Antibiofilm Activity of o-Phenanthroline Monohydrate against Enterococcus faecalis and Staphylococcus aureus and the Mechanisms Underlying These Effects

“…O -Phenanthroline monohydrate ( o -Phen) is a metal chelating agent, which can prevent streptozotocin-induced chromosome aberration and is also an inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases. Studies have reported that o -Phen and its derived compounds exhibit broad-spectrum antibacterial and antifungal activities Candida albicans, interfere with the cell homeostasis of the fungus, and lead to cell death .…”

Effect of the coordination centers and the solvents on the parameters of the 1H and 13C NMR spectra of biology active Zn+2 and Cd2+ acetate mononuclear complexes with chelating 1,10- phenanthroline

“…On the other hand, some authors have obtained evidence of cell apoptosis as a result of Cd 2+ intoxication; its ability to cause DNA fragmentation is also known [37][38][39]. Cd 2+ ions are considered to be quite toxic, but it has been demonstrated that their toxicity depends on the compound used and therefore can be controlled by complexation [40]. In this context Cd(II)-based coordination compounds with N-containing ligands such as 1,10-phenanthroline may be useful for the development of new antimicrobial agents.…”