Computed tomography findings of a solitary extramedullary plasmacytoma of the spleen: A case report and literature review

Abstract

Solitary extramedullary plasmacytoma (EMP) of the spleen is a rare condition. The present study describes the case of a 23-year-old female with an extremely rare solitary EMP of the spleen. Upon examination, the tumor demonstrated unusual and notable multiple-phase spiral computed tomography (CT) findings. The lesion was a solitary, well-defined mass, with areas of variable splenic necrosis and cystic degeneration. Contrast-enhanced CT revealed progressive enhancement of the lesion in the cystic wall, internal septa and solid portion, a finding that has not previously been described. The patient underwent a splenectomy and recovered without complications. No evidence of tumor recurrence has occurred during the past two years of follow-up. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to examine the CT findings of a solitary EMP of the spleen. The study aimed to investigate the imaging features of solitary EMP, in particular the multiple-phase spiral CT findings, and raise awareness of the disease to reduce misdiagnoses.

Gastrointestinal manifestations of extramedullary plasmacytoma: a narrative review and illustrative case reports

“…Plain computed tomography (CT) reveals a solitary, well-defined mass, typically associated with areas of variable splenic necrosis and cystic degeneration. 17 Contrast-enhanced scans reveal enhancement in the cystic wall and any internal septa and solid portions. 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (PET) can be used to detect regions of disease activity, differentiate extramedullary plasmacytoma from multiple myeloma, 18 as well as helping to monitor treatment response.…”

Megalosplenia as an initial manifestation of multiple myeloma with a novel CYLD gene mutation: A case report and literature review

“…[3,13,16] The spleen may be involved as an isolated site of plasmacytoma, or as a part of generalized MM; both conditions are rarely described. [3,19] The epidemic and clinical features of spleen infiltration in MM remain largely unclear. In a retrospective study evaluating the largest cohort of 3744 MM patients, fewer than 7 had spleen infiltration.…”

“…[ 3 , 13 , 16 ] The spleen may be involved as an isolated site of plasmacytoma, or as a part of generalized MM; both conditions are rarely described. [ 3 , 19 ]…”