Computed tomography versus ultrasound of the adrenal gland: a prospective study.

Hl, Abrams; Siegelman, Stanley S.; Adams, D F; Sanders, R C; Finberg, Harris J.; Hessel, Samuel J.; McNeil, Barbara J.

doi:10.1148/radiology.143.1.7063713

Cited by 132 publications

(35 citation statements)

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“…Obesity and overlying gas are frequent obstacles for visualization of the adrenal glands (25). Thus, US does not detect adrenal masses with the same sensitivity as CT or MRI (26,27). According to one study (28), the sensitivity in detecting incidentalomas depends on the mass size, being 65% for lesions !3 cm and 100% for lesions O3 cm.…”

Section: Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

AME Position Statement on adrenal incidentaloma

Terzolo

Stigliano

Chiodini

et al. 2011

European Journal of Endocrinology

456

412

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Objective: To assess currently available evidence on adrenal incidentaloma and provide recommendations for clinical practice. Design: A panel of experts (appointed by the Italian Association of Clinical Endocrinologists (AME)) appraised the methodological quality of the relevant studies, summarized their results, and discussed the evidence reports to find consensus. Radiological assessment: Unenhanced computed tomography (CT) is recommended as the initial test with the use of an attenuation value of %10 Hounsfield units (HU) to differentiate between adenomas and non-adenomas. For tumors with a higher baseline attenuation value, we suggest considering delayed contrast-enhanced CT studies. Positron emission tomography (PET) or PET/CT should be considered when CT is inconclusive, whereas fine needle aspiration biopsy may be used only in selected cases suspicious of metastases (after biochemical exclusion of pheochromocytoma). Hormonal assessment: Pheochromocytoma and excessive overt cortisol should be ruled out in all patients, whereas primary aldosteronism has to be considered in hypertensive and/or hypokalemic patients. The 1 mg overnight dexamethasone suppression test is the test recommended for screening of subclinical Cushing's syndrome (SCS) with a threshold at 138 nmol/l for considering this condition. A value of 50 nmol/l virtually excludes SCS with an area of uncertainty between 50 and 138 nmol/l. Management: Surgery is recommended for masses with suspicious radiological aspects and masses causing overt catecholamine or steroid excess. Data are insufficient to make firm recommendations for or against surgery in patients with SCS. However, adrenalectomy may be considered when an adequate medical therapy does not reach the treatment goals of associated diseases potentially linked to hypercortisolism.

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Section: Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

AME Position Statement on adrenal incidentaloma

Terzolo

Stigliano

Chiodini

et al. 2011

European Journal of Endocrinology

456

412

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“…7 Computed tomography is the preferred method for evaluating adrenal gland morphology 9 and has been extremely useful in detecting the adrenal abnormalities associated with this disease. 7 Abdominal sonography commonly has heen used as a screening modality for patients with nonspecific complaints such as weight loss and chronic fever.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sonography of the adrenal glands in chronic disseminated histoplasmosis.

Wilson¹,

Nguyen²,

Tytle³

et al. 1986

Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine

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In this retrospective study, the findings on abdominal sonograms in six patients newly diagnosed as having chronic disseminated histoplasmosis are reported. Five of six patients showed bilateral adrenal gland enlargement that was similar in degree from side to side. The most characteristic feature was the maintenance of a triangular shape in five glands and a cylindrical shape in two glands. Four glands had a nonspecific round or oval shape. All sonographic findings correlated well with the computed tomographic (CT) findings on each patient except that CT detected the one enlarged right adrenal gland not demonstrated sonographically. Abdominal sonography may provide the initial important clue to the diagnosis of chronic disseminated histoplasmosis.

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“…Th e AIs are detected by CT scan at about 28% (Mantero et al 2000). CT is the primary diagnostic imaging modality for the evaluation of the adrenal disorders (Karstaedt et al 1978;Montagne et al 1978;Wilms et al 1979;Abrams et al 1982). On the pre-contrast CT, the adrenals have a soft tissue density similar to that of the liver .…”

Section: Causes Of Adrenal Masesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Large and small masses and hyperplasia can be readily detected when present . With proper technique, masses smaller than 5 mm can be detected (Korobkin et al 1979;Eghrari et al 1980;Abrams et al 1982). Th e accuracy of CT for diagnosis of adrenal masses has been reported as being better than 90% ) and a normal appearance of the adrenal eff ectively excludes the presence of an adrenal tumor .…”

Section: Causes Of Adrenal Masesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Radiology of the adrenal incidentalomas. Review of the literature

Farrugia¹,

Martikos

Surgeon

et al. 2017

Endocrine Regulations

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The term “adrenal incidentaloma” is a radiological term. Adrenal incidentalomas are adrenal tumors discovered in an imaging study that has been obtained for indications exclusive to adrenal conditions (Udelsman 2001; Linos 2003; Bulow et al. 2006; Anagnostis et al. 2009). This definition excludes patients undergoing imaging testing as part of staging and work-up for cancer (Grumbach et al. 2003; Anagnostis et al. 2009). Papierska et al. (2013) have added the prerequisite that the size of a tumor must be “greater than 1cm in diameter”, in order to be called incidentaloma. Although in the most cases these masses are non-hypersecreting and benign, they still represent an important clinical concern because of the risk of malignancy or hormone hyperfunction (Barzon et al. 2003). Th e adrenal tumors belong to the commonest incidental findings having been discovered (Kanagarajah et al. 2012).

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Computed tomography versus ultrasound of the adrenal gland: a prospective study.

Cited by 132 publications

References 0 publications

AME Position Statement on adrenal incidentaloma

AME Position Statement on adrenal incidentaloma

Sonography of the adrenal glands in chronic disseminated histoplasmosis.

Radiology of the adrenal incidentalomas. Review of the literature

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