Computer vision syndrome-A common cause of unexplained visual symptoms in the modern era

Munshi, Sunil; Varghese, Ashley; Dhar-Munshi, Sushma

doi:10.1111/ijcp.12962

Cited by 96 publications

(88 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…If the viewing angle is greater there is an increase in blurred vision, because of the effect on the amplitude of accommodation . An ideal downward gaze of 15° has been recommended to reduce this effect . This is in keeping with our study where students had the least eye complaints when viewing their screen just below eye level, and an increase in discomfort in more downward viewing.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

“…The pathophysiology of CVS includes a repetitive strain component with resulting eye fatigue (asthenopia) from repeated rapid eye movements from the screen, keyboard and/or documents . This also causes accommodative problems with refocussing at each level, which can be promblematic in a presbyopic patient.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This also causes accommodative problems with refocussing at each level, which can be promblematic in a presbyopic patient. Dry eyes and contact lens wear can also worsen the symptoms in prolonged computer use . If the head, arms and legs are not correctly positioned to allow comfortable computer viewing the extraocular problems involving neck, shoulder and back pain become apparent …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Screens are recommended to be 10‐20° below eye level, as higher than this position requires a chin up posture with resulting muscular strain on the trapezius and neck muscles . If the viewing angle is greater there is an increase in blurred vision, because of the effect on the amplitude of accommodation . An ideal downward gaze of 15° has been recommended to reduce this effect .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Computer vision syndrome and ergonomic practices among undergraduate university students

et al. 2017

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SummaryAim: To determine the prevalence of computer vision syndrome (CVS) and ergonomic practices among students in the Faculty of Medical Sciences at The University of the West Indies (UWI), Jamaica. Method:A cross-sectional study was done with a self-administered questionnaire.Results: Four hundred and nine students participated; 78% were females. The mean age was 21.6 years. Neck pain (75.1%), eye strain (67%), shoulder pain (65.5%) and eye burn (61.9%) were the most common CVS symptoms. Dry eyes (26.2%), double vision (28.9%) and blurred vision (51.6%) were the least commonly experienced symptoms.Eye burning (P = .001), eye strain (P = .041) and neck pain (P = .023) were significantly related to level of viewing. Moderate eye burning (55.1%) and double vision (56%) occurred in those who used handheld devices (P = .001 and .007, respectively). Moderate blurred vision was reported in 52% who looked down at the device compared with 14.8% who held it at an angle. Severe eye strain occurred in 63% of those who looked down at a device compared with 21% who kept the device at eye level. Shoulder pain was not related to pattern of use. Conclusion:Ocular symptoms and neck pain were less likely if the device was held just below eye level. There is a high prevalence of Symptoms of CVS amongst university students which could be reduced, in particular neck pain and eye strain and burning, with improved ergonomic practices. | INTRODUCTIONElectronic devices, laptops, tablets, ipads and smartphones, are now an integral part of studying at universities. Smart phone use in education is rapidly developing because of Google, Wikipedia and medical related apps.1-3 Computer vision syndrome (CVS) is at risk of becoming a major public health issue. 4The American Optometric Association defines CVS as a complex of eye and vision problems related to near vision activities involving computer use. 5 The prevalence of CVS ranges from 64% to 90%amongst computer users, with nearly 60 million people affected globally. 6,7 The most frequently occurring health related problems among computer users are CVS, wrist, neck, shoulder and back pain, an over use syndrome resulting in ocular and musculoskeletal discomfort. 8-10Students, who are frequent computer users are at increased risk of CVS and poor posture.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Computer vision syndrome and ergonomic practices among undergraduate university students

et al. 2017

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“…It is caused by multiple factors which include response and time ergonomic factors, individual response and time spent by individual on computer. 1 People who spend more than two hours on a computer each day or more than 15 hours per week will experience visual symptoms including eye strain, tired eyes, irritation, burning, redness, blurred vision and double vision. These symptoms have been together to form a syndrome known as the Computer Vision Syndrome(CVS).…”

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confidence: 99%

Computer Vision Syndrome Prevalence and Associated Factors Among the Medical Student in Kist Medical College

Basnet

Shrestha

2018

Nep. Med. J.

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Introduction:Computers and other visual display terminals are now an essential part of our daily life. In the present era, use of computer has increased many folds, and its use has been associated with increased health risks, especially eyes. Materials and Methods:This hospital-based prospective, observational, descriptive study. "Specific Computer Users Questionnaire''regarding the visual symptoms was put used. Schirmer's test -I, and Tear film break up time were evaluated in all students.Results: Among 100 medical students 74% of the medical students sampled who used to spend 2 hours or more on their digital screens on a daily basis were complaining of one or more of CVS manifestation. Eye strain, burning eyes, neck, shoulder, or back pain, dryness, irritation and redness of eyes, headaches during or after working on computer and overall body fatigue were recorded in 89%,87%,78%,77%,71%and 68% respectively. Dry eye was associated with CVS in 58 % in right eye and 55% in left eye according to-Tear film break up time measurement whereas 59 % students have dry eye in right eye and 57% students have dry eye in left eye according to Schirmer's test -I measurement.Conclusions: Symptoms of CVS increase with increased duration of working on digital screens for 2 hours or more. The factors associated with the severity of CVS were hours of digital screens use per day and dry eye.

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Functional Ophthalmological Symptoms in Children and Adolescents

Nguyen

Nandakumar

2023

Handbook of Mind/Body Integration in Child and Adolescent Development

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Computer vision syndrome-A common cause of unexplained visual symptoms in the modern era

Cited by 96 publications

References 23 publications

Computer vision syndrome and ergonomic practices among undergraduate university students

Computer vision syndrome and ergonomic practices among undergraduate university students

Computer Vision Syndrome Prevalence and Associated Factors Among the Medical Student in Kist Medical College

Functional Ophthalmological Symptoms in Children and Adolescents

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