Concentration and source apportionment of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the ambient air of Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

Hosaini, Puteri Nurafidah; Khan, Firoz; Mustaffa, Nur Ili Hamizah; Amil, Norhaniza; Mohamad, Noorlin; Jaafar, Shoffian Amin; Nadzir, Mohd Shahrul Mohd; Latif, Mohd Talib

doi:10.1007/s11069-016-2575-7

Cited by 35 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…A comparison of the concentration of BTEX in Tehran with other urban areas in the world is presented in Table 3 . According to our findings, the pooled concentrations of benzene (149.18 µg/m 3 ) and o-xylene (125.57 µg/m 3 ) in Tehran were higher than those in other cities around the world ( Table 3 ) [ 6 , 33 , 67 , 68 , 69 , 70 , 71 , 72 , 73 , 74 ] ( Table 3 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 60%

“…The toluene levels in Italy (Bari) (4.76 ± 3.41 µg/m 3 ), Canada (Sarnia) (2.88 µg/m 3 ), Turkey (Kocaeli) (35.51 ± 39.55 µg/m 3 ), China (Beijing) (2.21 ± 2.10 µg/m 3 ), and Spain (Navarra) (13.26 µg/m 3 ) were higher than other VOC compounds ( Table 3 ) [ 6 , 67 , 68 , 69 , 70 , 71 , 72 ]; however, the concentrations of ethylbenzene in South Korea (Seoul) (80.75 µg/m 3 ) and Malaysia (Kuala Lumpur) (661.3 µg/m 3 ) were higher than other VOC compounds [ 33 , 73 , 74 ] ( Table 3 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…The concentration of toluene in Tehran (87.97 µg/m 3 ) was lower than that in Malaysia (Kuala Lumpur) (113.805 µg/m 3 ) [ 73 ], but higher than other cities [ 6 , 33 , 67 , 68 , 69 , 70 , 71 , 72 , 74 ]. However, the concentration of ethylbenzene (110.12 µg/m 3 ) in Tehran was lower than the reported value for Malaysia (Kuala Lumpur) (661.3 µg/m 3 ) [ 73 ], but was lower than other cities ( Table 3 ) [ 6 , 33 , 67 , 68 , 69 , 70 , 71 , 72 , 74 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The higher concentration of toluene and ethylbenzene in Malaysia (Kuala Lumpur) compared with Tehran is due to the higher evaporation of petrol vapors (gasoline evaporation) and emission of higher concentrations of toluene and ethylbenzene by motor vehicles [ 73 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Concentration of BTEX in the Air of Tehran: A Systematic Review-Meta Analysis and Risk Assessment

Abtahi

Fakhri

Conti

et al. 2018

IJERPH

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In the current study, the concentration of some pollutants which are categorized as volatile organic compounds (VOCs), including benzene (B), toluene (T), ethylbenzene (E), and o-xylenes (o-X), in the air of Tehran was evaluated by the aid of a systematic review and meta-analysis approach. Also, the health risk for the exposed population was estimated using the recommended methods by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). The rank order based on their concentration in BTEX was benzene (149.18 µg/m3: 31%) > o-xylene (127.16 µg/m3: 27%) > ethylbenzene (110.15 µg/m3: 23%) > toluene (87.97 µg/m3: 19%). The ratio B/T in this study was calculated as 1.69, repressing that both stationary and mobile sources of emission can be considered as the main sources for benzene and toluene. Moreover, strong photochemical activity in Tehran was demonstrated by the high ratio of E/o-X. Meta-regression indicates that the concentration of BTEX has insignificantly (p-value > 0.05) increased over time. The BTEX compounds based on the target hazard quotient (THQ) were ordered as benzene > o-xylene > ethylbenzene > toluene. Percentile 95% of THQ due to benzene (4.973) and o-xylene (1.272) was higher than a value of 1. Percentile 95% excessive cancer risk (ECR) for benzene (1.25 × 106) and ethylbenzene (1.11 × 106) was higher than a value of 1.00 × 106. The health risk assessment indicated that the population of Tehran are at considerable non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 60%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Concentration of BTEX in the Air of Tehran: A Systematic Review-Meta Analysis and Risk Assessment

Abtahi

Fakhri

Conti

et al. 2018

IJERPH

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“…In the photochemistry of the tropical troposphere, VOCs play a key role due to high abundance of water vapour (H2O) and intense solar radiation flux [6]. VOCs in the Earth's atmosphere are emitted from a wide variety of natural and manmade sources [7][8][9]. VOCs from natural source such as microbial volatile organic compounds (MVOCs) are emitted via bio-aerosol of microbial, plant and animal origin.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Volatile Organic Compound Analysis by Sorbent Tube-Thermal Desorption-Gas Chromatography: A Review

Khan¹,

Sahani²,

Nadzir³

et al. 2018

IJET

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Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) play an important role in the generation of ground level ozone and secondary organic aerosol. Most tropical countries such as Malaysia, Singapore, Indonesia, Brunei experience high ozone pollution. Beside ozone, oxides of nitrogen (NOx) from vehicular emissions also play an important role in photochemical pollution. NOx, particularly nitric oxide (NO), helps to ‘clean up’ ozone concentrations close to traffic in the ambient air of urban areas. Thus, knowledge of the chemistry of ozone-VOCs-NOx and finding the sources of VOCs are crucial to proceed with an appropriate mitigation strategy. Thus, the detection of ozone precursors and related VOCs is thoroughly discussed. This review finds that the inertness, hydrophobicity, and the effect of the artefact materials are very significant factors to be explored in the selection of the sorbent materials. In the SEA region, relative humidity is relatively high and exceeds 90% during the northeast monsoon. Thus, the hydrophobic properties of the sampling material need careful consideration. Further to the effect of relative humidity (RH), the artefact effect of the material itself is a challenge to be optimized and multi-sorbent material in a single tube could be a viable choice to minimize the effect of the unwanted signal in the spectrum.

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Regional and Urban Air Quality in Southeast Asia: Maritime Continent

Cambaliza¹,

Latif²,

Lestari³

2023

Handbook of Air Quality and Climate Change

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Concentration and source apportionment of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the ambient air of Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

Cited by 35 publications

References 53 publications

The Concentration of BTEX in the Air of Tehran: A Systematic Review-Meta Analysis and Risk Assessment

The Concentration of BTEX in the Air of Tehran: A Systematic Review-Meta Analysis and Risk Assessment

Volatile Organic Compound Analysis by Sorbent Tube-Thermal Desorption-Gas Chromatography: A Review

Regional and Urban Air Quality in Southeast Asia: Maritime Continent

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