Concentration-dependent upconversion in Er/sup 3+/-doped fiber amplifiers: Experiments and modeling

Blixt, P.; Nilsson, Johan; Carlnäs, T.; Jaskorzyńska, B.

doi:10.1109/68.97839

Cited by 155 publications

(84 citation statements)

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“…38 In contrast, Erdoped fused silica codoped with Ge, Al, and P, a glass typically used for fiber amplifiers, shows a much higher C 24 of 10 Ϫ16 cm 3 /s. 8 Also, Er-implanted phosphorous silicate glass ͑P glass͒, a material considered to be a candidate for optical amplifiers, shows a high C 24 of 9ϫ10 Ϫ17 cm 3 /s. 39 Figure 9 shows calculations of N 2 ϪN 1 versus the Er concentration in an Al 2 O 3 waveguide for three different pump powers, based on all the parameters and rate equations introduced above.…”

Section: ͑9͒mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…5,6 Under conditions of amplification, most of the ions are excited to the first excited state, and another concentration quenching mechanism can take place: cooperative upconversion, also referred to as cross relaxation. [7][8][9] Figure 1͑b͒ schematically shows this process, where two Er 3ϩ ions, both in the first excited ( 4 I 13/2 ) state, interact, promoting one ion into the 4 I 9/2 state, leaving the other in the ground state. Subsequently, the excited ion decays rapidly to the 4 I 11/2 state through a nonradiative transition by emission of phonons.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Upconversion in Er-implanted Al2O3 waveguides

Hoven

Snoeks

Polman

et al. 1996

Journal of Applied Physics

168

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Hoven, van den, G.N.; Snoeks, E.; Polman, A.; Dam, van, C.; Uffelen, van, J.W.M.; Smit, M.K. Published in:Journal of Applied Physics Published: 01/01/1996 Document VersionPublisher's PDF, also known as Version of Record (includes final page, issue and volume numbers) Please check the document version of this publication:• A submitted manuscript is the author's version of the article upon submission and before peer-review. There can be important differences between the submitted version and the official published version of record. People interested in the research are advised to contact the author for the final version of the publication, or visit the DOI to the publisher's website.• The final author version and the galley proof are versions of the publication after peer review.• The final published version features the final layout of the paper including the volume, issue and page numbers. Link to publication Citation for published version (APA):Hoven, van den, G. N., Snoeks, E., Polman, A., Dam, van, C., Uffelen, van, J. W. M., & Smit, M. K. (1996). Upconversion in Er-implanted Al2O3 waveguides. Journal of Applied Physics, 79(3), 1258-1266. General rightsCopyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights.• Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research.• You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain • You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal ? Take down policyIf you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. When pumped with a 1.48 m laser diode, Er-implanted Al 2 O 3 ridge waveguides emit a broad spectrum consisting of several distinct peaks having wavelengths ranging from the midinfrared ͑1.53 m͒ to the visible ͑520 nm͒. In order to explain these observations, three different upconversion mechanisms are considered: cooperative upconversion, excited state absorption, and pair-induced quenching. It is found that for samples with a high Er concentration ͑1.4 at. %͒, cooperative upconversion completely dominates the deexcitation of the Er 3ϩ ions. For a much lower concentration ͑0.12 at. %͒, the influence of cooperative upconversion is strongly reduced, and another upconversion effect becomes apparent: excited state absorption. These conclusions are based on measurements of the luminescence emission versus pump intensity, and also on measured luminescence decay curves. The upconversion coefficient is found to be ͑4Ϯ1͒ϫ10 Ϫ18 cm 3 /s; the excited state absorption cross section is ͑0.9Ϯ0.3͒ϫ10 Ϫ21 cm 2 . It is shown that in spite of these upconversion effects, a high fraction of the Er 3ϩ can be excite...

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Section: ͑9͒mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Upconversion in Er-implanted Al2O3 waveguides

Hoven

Snoeks

Polman

et al. 1996

Journal of Applied Physics

168

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“…In other cases, EPMA is commonly used in conjunction with a scanning electron microscope for the determination of dopant distributions in fiber preforms. 28 …”

Section: Electron Probe Microanalysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Contributed Review: A review of the investigation of rare-earth dopant profiles in optical fibers

Sidiroglou

Roberts

Baxter

2016

Review of Scientific Instruments

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Articles you may be interested inFiber-optic thermometer application of thermal radiation from rare-earth end-doped SiO2 fiber Rev. Sci. Instrum. 85, 084903 (2014) Rare-earth doped optical fibers have captivated the interest of many researchers around the world across the past three decades. The growth of this research field has been stimulated primarily through their application in optical communications as fiber lasers and amplifiers, although rare-earth doped optical fiber based devices are now finding important uses in many other scientific and industrial areas (for example, medicine, sensing, the military, and material processing). Such wide commercial interest has provided a strong incentive for innovative fiber designs, alternative glass compositions, and novel fabrication processes. A prerequisite for the ongoing progress of this research field is developing the capacity to provide high resolution information about the rare-earth dopant distribution profiles within the optical fibers. This paper constitutes a comprehensive review of the imaging techniques that have been utilized in the analysis of the distribution of the rare-earth ion erbium within the core of optical fibers. Published by AIP Publishing. [http://dx

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“…However, previous studies have shown that the tunability of EDFL depends very much on the active fiber length [5,6]. In addition, a concentration-related process called pair-induced quenching (PIQ) may significantly degrade the performance of erbium-doped fibers (EDFs) [9][10][11][12]. The effect of PIQ has also been found to cause a detrimental increase in the threshold, a reduction in conversion efficiency in EDFLs [13], as well as degradation in the power flatness of tunable EDFLs [14,15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of active fiber length on the tunability of erbium-doped fiber ring lasers

Dong¹,

Shum²,

Ngo³

et al. 2003

Opt. Express

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Abstract:We numerically investigate the effects of the active fiber length on the tunability of erbium-doped fiber ring lasers for the cases of with and without pair-induced quenching (PIQ). The numerical results are confirmed by experiments. We have found that the tuning range shifts from C-band to L-band with an increase in the active fiber length. A maximum tuning range of over 100 nm, covering both the C-and L-band, can be achieved with an optimized active fiber length. It is also found that the PIQ is favorable for Lband lasing though it reduces the output power and degrades the power flatness. Using these findings, a novel method employing active fiber length switching is proposed to extend the tuning range of the laser, which is only limited by the free spectral range (FSR) of the tunable filter. A large tuning range of 102 nm is obtained using a tunable fiber Fabry-Perot filter with an FSR of 75 nm.

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Concentration-dependent upconversion in Er/sup 3+/-doped fiber amplifiers: Experiments and modeling

Cited by 155 publications

References 5 publications

Upconversion in Er-implanted Al2O3 waveguides

Upconversion in Er-implanted Al2O3 waveguides

Contributed Review: A review of the investigation of rare-earth dopant profiles in optical fibers

Effects of active fiber length on the tunability of erbium-doped fiber ring lasers

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