Concentration of scandium during processing the sublimate of production of the aluminum-scandium master alloy

Sokolova, Yu. V.; Pirozhenko, K. Yu.; Махов, С. В.

doi:10.3103/s1067821215010186

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…The peculiarity of aluminum alloys obtaining in KF-AlF 3 -based melts is that in the presence of liquid aluminum in the melt, one of the mechanisms of transition of the alloying element from oxides into alloy is aluminum-thermal reduction. [19][20][21]56,91 In this case, the maximum extraction of the alloying element from the oxide, as well as the possibility of continuous production of the master alloy is provided by the removal of products from the front of the aluminumthermal reaction (Fig. 16).…”

Section: Electrowinning Of Al With Alloying Elementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review—Synthesis of Aluminum Master Alloys in Oxide-Fluoride Melts: A Review

Suzdaltsev

Pershin

Филатов

et al. 2020

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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A review of the existing methods for producing aluminum master alloys with silicon, zirconium, scandium and boron are given. Basic parameters, advantages and disadvantages of the existing methods are analyzed, indicating the need to develop new more energy-efficient technologies. The prospects of obtaining aluminum master alloys in the electrolysis of melts based on the KF-NaF-AlF 3 -Al 2 O 3 -MeO (MeO = SiO 2, ZrO 2 , Sc 2 O 3 , and B 2 O 3 ) system are considered. For this purpose, the results of physical and chemical measurements in these melts are presented, including data on the solubility of Al 2 O 3 , SiO 2, ZrO 2 , Sc 2 O 3 , and B 2 O 3 oxides in KF-NaF-AlF 3 melts, data on the effect of oxide additives on the liquidus temperature of studied melts, as well as data on the kinetics of electrowinning of aluminum and alloying element from KF-AlF 3 -Al 2 O 3 -MeO melts. Based on the measurements, the parameters were selected and electrolysis tests were carried out for obtaining aluminum master alloys with silicon, zirconium, scandium, and boron from its oxides. The composition and structure of the obtained master alloys were studied.

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Section: Electrowinning Of Al With Alloying Elementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review—Synthesis of Aluminum Master Alloys in Oxide-Fluoride Melts: A Review

Suzdaltsev

Pershin

Филатов

et al. 2020

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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“…Typically, the production of light metal alloys is carried out by dissolution in the melt of aluminum-based or magnesium-based master alloys with rare earth metals. In turn, typical methods for master alloys production are (i) fusion of pure components, (ii) electrolysis, or (iii) reduction of the alloying metal from its compounds [36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46]. It is worth emphasizing that no research works have been found in the domestic and foreign literature that reveal the technological features of the synthesis of Al -Yb master alloys.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of the ytterbium reduction process in the synthesis of Al – Yb master alloys for the modification of aluminum alloys

Bazhin¹,

Savchenkov²,

Gordevnin³

2022

nfm

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This work investigates the synthesis process and characterization of a novel type of aluminum-ytterbium master alloy in molten salts. The significance of the obtained results for the research conducted in the field so far is due to the previously proven effectiveness of the influence of ytterbium on the structure and properties of aluminum alloys. During experimental work, the thermodynamic analysis of the aluminothermic process of ytterbium fluoride reduction from molten salts was performed and revealed that the process might occur and develop in the presence of sodium fluoride and potassium chloride if the NaYbF 4 precursor is formed. Subsequently, the temperature intervals of thermal effects during the process of reduction of ytterbium from its fluoride in molten salts (NaF -KCl) by aluminum were determined as a result of thermal analysis. During Al -Yb master alloys synthesis experiments, the maximal value of ytterbium extraction to master alloy of 82.5% was achieved by changing the process parameters, such as temperature, reaction time, and molten salts/aluminium ratios. Besides, master alloys containing ytterbium from 1.1 to 5.1 wt.% were synthesized using the optimized technological process conditions and examined with metallographic analysis. The analysis revealed that the microstructure of the synthesized master alloys is presented by eutectic colonies of Al + Al 3 Yb composition located along the boundaries of α-Al dendritic cells. It was found that about 85.5% of the area of the studied samples with ytterbium content of 5.1 wt.% consist of aluminum dendrites with an average cell size of 25 μm. The presented in this research results are of significant importance for the development of cheap and high-quality aluminum alloys.

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“…However, processing with this system leads to the formation of fluoridic gases, mainly AlF and AlF 3 . A thorough analysis of the sublimates is given by Sokolova et al [11]. Used refractory materials are usually graphite [9,10] or Ta [8,12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…MgO refractory material was used at the beginning of the research on Sc reduction [7]. Furnaces used for the reduction step are induction furnaces in open atmosphere [9], a retort type reactor [10], and resistance heating furnaces [11,12]. Hydrofluoric acid is used for ScF 3 synthesis in the classical approach.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metallothermic Al-Sc Co-Reduction by Vacuum Induction Melting Using Ca

Brinkmann

Mazurek

Friedrich

2019

Metals

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Due to its enhancing properties in high-tech material applications, the rare earth element Scandium (Sc) is continuously gaining interest from researchers and material developers. The aim of this research is to establish an energy and resource efficient process scheme for an in situ extraction of Al-Sc master alloys, which offers usable products for the metallurgical industry. An AlSc20 alloy is targeted with an oxyfluoridic slag as a usable by-product. The thermochemical baseline is presented by modelling using the software tool FactSage; the experimental metal extraction is conducted in a vacuum induction furnace with various parameters, whereas kinetic aspects are investigated by thermogravimetric analysis. The Sc-containing products are analyzed by ICP-OES/IC concerning their chemical composition. Optimum parameters are derived from a statistical evaluation of the Sc content in the obtained slag phase. The material obtained was high in Ta due to the crucible material and remarkably low in Al and F; a comparison between the modelled and the obtained phases indicates kinetic effects inhibiting the accomplishment of equilibrium conditions. The formation of a Sc-rich Al-Sc phase (32.5 wt.-% Sc) is detected by SEM-EDS analysis of the metal phase. An in situ extraction of Al from Ca with subsequent metallothermic reduction of ScF 3 as a process controlling mechanism is presumed.

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Concentration of scandium during processing the sublimate of production of the aluminum-scandium master alloy

Cited by 3 publications

References 1 publication

Review—Synthesis of Aluminum Master Alloys in Oxide-Fluoride Melts: A Review

Review—Synthesis of Aluminum Master Alloys in Oxide-Fluoride Melts: A Review

Investigation of the ytterbium reduction process in the synthesis of Al – Yb master alloys for the modification of aluminum alloys

Metallothermic Al-Sc Co-Reduction by Vacuum Induction Melting Using Ca

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