Concentration of Selected Vapor and Particulate-Phase Substances in the Lincoln and Holland Tunnels

Kebbekus, Barbara B.; Greenberg, Arthur; Horgan, Liam; Bozzelli, Joseph W.; Darack, F.; Eveleens, Carol; Stangeland, Leiv J.

doi:10.1080/00022470.1983.10465582

Cited by 9 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…For example, because the BPer content of gasoline exhaust gases is relatively high, it has been suggested that the BPer /B [ a] P ratio may reflect the contribution of gasoline -driven vehicles to atmospheric PAH pollution ( Daisey et al, 1986) . This ratio has been reported to have values above 2.5 in traffic tunnels ( Handa et al, 1980;Kebbekus et al, 1983 ) and in areas with heavy traffic ( Greenberg et al, 1985;Valerio et al, 1992;Brown et al, 1996;Nielsen et al, 1996 ), while a ratio of 4.0 has been reported for automobile exhaust fumes (Grimmer, 1977 ). The BPer /B [ a] P ratio was found to vary significantly between the centre of Copenhagen, suburban, and rural areas, with the centre of the city exhibiting the highest, and rural areas the lowest values (Nielsen et al, 1996 ) .…”

Section: Variables Both Locations Athens Halkidamentioning

confidence: 94%

Personal exposures to PM2.5 and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and their relationship to environmental tobacco smoke at two locations in Greece

Georgiadis

Stoikidou

Topinka

et al. 2001

J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol

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In the context of a large -scale molecular epidemiology study of biomarkers of genotoxicity of air pollution, 24 -h mean personal exposures to airborne PM 2.5 ( particulate matter < 2.5 m ) and associated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon ( PAHs ) were measured in 194 non -smoking technical institute students living in the city of Athens, Greece ( an area with moderately high levels of air pollution ) and the nearby small town of Halkida anticipated to have lower pollution levels. Extensive information relevant to the assessment of long -term and recent exposure to PAH was obtained from questionnaires as well as a time ± location ± activity diary ( TLAD ) which was kept by all subjects during a 4 -day observation period. During the last 24 h of this period, subjects underwent personal exposure monitoring for PM 2.5 and PAH, while a sample of blood was donated at the end of this period. All subjects were monitored in this way twice; once during a winter season ( October ± February ) and once during the following summer season ( June ± September ) . Nine subjects with plasma cotinine levels above 20 ng / ml were considered as unreported smokers and excluded from the study. Winter PM 2.5 exposures were lower in Athens ( geometric mean 39.7 g / m 3 ) than Halkida ( geometric mean 56.2 g / m 3 ) (P < 0.001 ) , while there was no significant location difference during the summer ( Athens: geometric mean 32.3 g / m 3 , Halkida: geometric mean 32.9 g / m 3 ; P= 0.79 ) . On the other hand, PAH exposures ( sum of the eight carcinogenic PAHs ) were significantly higher in Athens than in Halkida during the winter ( Athens: geometric mean 8.26 ng / m 3 , Halkida: geometric mean 5.80 ng / m 3 ; P < 0.001 ) as well as during the summer ( Athens: geometric mean 4.44 ng / m 3 , Halkida: geometric mean 1.48 ng / m 3 ; P < 0.001 ) . There was a significant difference in the profile of the PAH exposures at the two locations, the proportion of lighter PAH ( benzo This difference appeared to be related to individual exposure to environmental tobacco smoke ( ETS ) , as indicated by ( a ) the correlation at the individual level between the CHRYS / BPer ratio and declared time of recent exposure to ETS as well as plasma cotinine levels, especially during the winter; ( b ) the parallel variation of the mean levels of all three markers ( declared ETS exposure, cotinine levels, CHRYS / BPer ratio ) among three subgroups of subjects ( Athens subjects who had lowest levels of all three markers; Halkida subjects other than those living in the institute campus area; and Halkida subjects living in the institute campus area who had the highest levels of all three markers ) . This demonstrates that ETS can have a distinctive effect on the PAH exposure profile of subjects exposed to relatively low levels of urban air pollution.

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Section: Variables Both Locations Athens Halkidamentioning

confidence: 94%

Personal exposures to PM2.5 and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and their relationship to environmental tobacco smoke at two locations in Greece

Georgiadis

Stoikidou

Topinka

et al. 2001

J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol

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show abstract

“…25 Evaporative and exhaust emissions were found to have a ratio of 13:4:3:1. 24 In 1979, selected VOC were monitored every sixth day in these three urban centers.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurement of Selected Volatile Organic Compounds at Three Locations in New Jersey during the Summer Season

Harkov

Kebbekus

Bozzelli

et al. 1983

Journal of the Air Pollution Control Association

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“…The proportions of benzo(a)pyrene and anthanthrene appear to be higher in the coke oven emissions than in emissions from residential coal combustion (Table V) but the ambient data of Grimmer et al 53 ( Table I) are inconsistent with this pattern. It should be noted that the concentrations of the PAH compounds in the particles from the coke plants are much higher than for other sources; benzo(a)pyrene ranged from 0.1 to 0.6 percent of the particle mass in coke plant aerosol (Table IX) as compared to less than 0.04 percent for tunnel samples 56 - 57 and 0.001 to 0.06 percent for residential coal combustion. This enrichment of PAH in particulate matter from coke ovens should enhance the potential for distinguishing this source from others.…”

Section: Emissions From Coke Ovensmentioning

confidence: 99%

Profiles of Organic Particulate Emissions from Air Pollution Sources: Status and Needs for Receptor Source Apportionment Modeling

Daisey

Cheney

Lioy

1986

Journal of the Air Pollution Control Association

138

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Concentration of Selected Vapor and Particulate-Phase Substances in the Lincoln and Holland Tunnels

Cited by 9 publications

References 4 publications

Personal exposures to PM2.5 and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and their relationship to environmental tobacco smoke at two locations in Greece

Personal exposures to PM2.5 and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and their relationship to environmental tobacco smoke at two locations in Greece

Measurement of Selected Volatile Organic Compounds at Three Locations in New Jersey during the Summer Season

Profiles of Organic Particulate Emissions from Air Pollution Sources: Status and Needs for Receptor Source Apportionment Modeling

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