Concentric shelled and plate-like graphitic boron nitride nanoparticles produced by CO2 laser pyrolysis

Boulanger, L.; Andriot, B.; Cauchetier, M.; Willaime, F.

doi:10.1016/0009-2614(95)00008-r

Cited by 69 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Furthermore, in analogy to the carbon system, boron nitride exists in two phases: the hexagonal (graphite-like) and the cubic (diamond-like) form, with the former being the stable form in ambient conditions. Nonetheless, unlike the almost perfectly spherical carbon onions, mediumsize (Ϸ20 nm in diameter) BN IF structures were found to be strongly facetted (11). When produced in smaller sizes by electron irradiation, the basic structure of the BN particles exhibits rectangular shapes, attributed to a 3D octahedral structure (10,12), which is obtained by placing (B-N) 2 squares in the six corners.…”

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confidence: 94%

Atom by atom: HRTEM insights into inorganic nanotubes and fullerene-like structures

Bar‐Sadan

Houben

Enyashin

et al. 2008

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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The characterization of nanostructures down to the atomic scale is essential to understand some physical properties. Such a characterization is possible today using direct imaging methods such as aberration-corrected high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), when iteratively backed by advanced modeling produced by theoretical structure calculations and image calculations. Aberration-corrected HRTEM is therefore extremely useful for investigating low-dimensional structures, such as inorganic fullerene-like particles and inorganic nanotubes. The atomic arrangement in these nanostructures can lead to new insights into the growth mechanism or physical properties, where imminent commercial applications are unfolding. This article will focus on two structures that are symmetric and reproducible. The first structure that will be dealt with is the smallest stable symmetric closed-cage structure in the inorganic system, a MoS 2 nanooctahedron. It is investigated by means of aberration-corrected microscopy which allowed validating the suggested DFTB-MD model. It will be shown that structures diverging from the energetically most stable structures are present in the laser ablated soot and that the alignment of the different shells is parallel, unlike the bulk material where the alignment is antiparallel. These findings correspond well with the high-energy synthetic route and they provide more insight into the growth mechanism. The second structure studied is WS2 nanotubes, which have already been shown to have a unique structure with very desirable mechanical properties. The joint HRTEM study combined with modeling reveals new information regarding the chirality of the different shells and provides a better understanding of their growth mechanism.aberration-corrected high-resolution transmission electron microscopy ͉ inorganic closed-cage structures

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confidence: 94%

Atom by atom: HRTEM insights into inorganic nanotubes and fullerene-like structures

Bar‐Sadan

Houben

Enyashin

et al. 2008

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…Particularly, the B N as a formal analog of buckminster-fullerene (7), the molecules B N , B N , B N (8}11), the fullerene-like cages B >L N >L (12), the BN, BC , and BNC nanotubes and polymers (13}20), the conjunctions of nanotubes (20), and the BN-heteroconnectors as quantum dots (21) were studied theoretically. Moreover the BN-onions (22,23) and nanotubes on the base of B V C W N X (24,25) and BN (26}32) were synthesized by di!erent techniques, namely, by arc-discharge (24}28,31), laser (23,29), and carbothermal synthesis (22,30) and by the solid-state process (32). In addition to molecular crystals built from C molecules, the covalently bonded solids, such as C crystal (33), the polymers, such as C barrelenes (34), the clathrate-like Si , Si , GaAs, and other skeleton semiconductors (35,36), and the new zeolite-like BN crystals (37,38) were suggested.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Boron Nitride Analogs of Fullerenes (the Fulborenes), Nanotubes, and Fullerites (the Fulborenites)

Pokropivny

Skorokhod

Oleinik

et al. 2000

Journal of Solid State Chemistry

158

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“…Recently, the synthesis of BN [3][4][5][6], BCN [7,8], and MoS 2 [9] nanotubes and closed shell nanoparticles has generalized the idea already admitted for carbon that for a small assembly of atoms the network bends and curls into a close structure in order to eliminate the highly unfavorable dangling bonds. Nested concentric BN polyhedra have been successfully synthesized by reaction of BCl 3 with NH 3 in a laser beam [10,11]. However, in spite of theoretical predictions for the stability of the hybrid B 24 C 12 N 24 molecule [12] and the B 12 N 12 , B 16 N 16 , B 28 N 28 molecules [13,14], there has been, so far, no experimental evidence for the stability of structures analogous to C 60 and other small carbon fullerenes in layered materials other than graphite.…”

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confidence: 99%

Formation of small single-layer and nested BN cages under electron irradiation of nanotubes and bulk material

Stéphan

Bando

Loiseau

et al. 1998

Applied Physics A: Materials Science & Processing

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214

115

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An experimental evidence for the formation of small BN cage-like molecules, under electron-irradiation experiments of BN samples, is presented. Depending on the starting material, either close-packed agglomerates of small "fullerenes", or small nested "fullerenes" with up to six layers are found as irradiation derivatives. The overall polyhedral shape of the BN cages is explained within the frame of the octahedral model previously proposed for BN analogs to fullerenes. The diameters of the smallest and most observed cages range from 0.4 to 0.7 nm, and are close to those of the B 12 N 12 , B 16 N 16 and B 28 N 28 octahedra which were predicted to be magic clusters for the BN system from electronic structure calculations.The discovery of the C 60 soccer ball [1] followed by that of larger fullerenes and carbon nanotubes [2] raised the curtain on a new class of nano-objects based on layered materials with predicted unique physical properties. Recently, the synthesis of BN [3][4][5][6], BCN [7,8], and MoS 2 [9] nanotubes and closed shell nanoparticles has generalized the idea already admitted for carbon that for a small assembly of atoms the network bends and curls into a close structure in order to eliminate the highly unfavorable dangling bonds. Nested concentric BN polyhedra have been successfully synthesized by reaction of BCl 3 with NH 3 in a laser beam [10,11]. However, in spite of theoretical predictions for the stability of the hybrid B 24 C 12 N 24 molecule [12] and the B 12 N 12 , B 16 N 16 , B 28 N 28 molecules [13,14], there has been, so far, no experimental evidence for the stability of structures analogous to C 60 and other small carbon fullerenes in layered materials other than graphite.Strong irradiation in an electron microscope allows structural fluidity and a rearrangement of the structure caused by the momentum transfer of high-energy electrons to the nuclei (knock-on collisions). It is now well known that carbon material, whatever its initial structural state -namely amorphous, turbostratic or well-graphitized, bulk crystallites, nanocages, or nanotubes -can be transformed into onion-like structures when submitted to such intense electron irradiation [15,16]. Carbon onions can have very different sizes and consist of concentric polyhedral fullerene cages; single-or double-layer small fullerene cages can also be formed [17]. On the other hand, only disordered spherical layered structures with incompletely closed layers were shown to form under electron irradiation of crystalline BN [18], MoS 2 crystals [19], and turbostratic BC 2 N [20]. We present transformations obtained when submitting to intense irradiation regimes two kinds of BN samples, a turbostratic BN sample and a BN nanotube powder. Depending on the starting material, two different irradiation products are observed: small nested polyhedra or close-packed arrangements of small single-layer cage-like clusters. The size and shape of the smallest observed cage is compared to that of the smallest high-symmetry polyhedral clusters predicted t...

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Concentric shelled and plate-like graphitic boron nitride nanoparticles produced by CO2 laser pyrolysis

Cited by 69 publications

References 20 publications

Atom by atom: HRTEM insights into inorganic nanotubes and fullerene-like structures

Atom by atom: HRTEM insights into inorganic nanotubes and fullerene-like structures

Boron Nitride Analogs of Fullerenes (the Fulborenes), Nanotubes, and Fullerites (the Fulborenites)

Formation of small single-layer and nested BN cages under electron irradiation of nanotubes and bulk material

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