Concept Design of Medium Access Control for Spectrum Access Systems in 3.5 GHz

Youssef, Ziad; Majeed, Erfan; Mueck, Markus; Karls, Ingolf; Drewes, Christian; Bruck, Guido H.; Jung, Peter

doi:10.1109/wispnet.2018.8538478

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Moreover, significant research has been done in recent years to assign the channels in a heterogeneous environment where the coexistence of PAL and GAA users is considered. The authors in [40] proposed the concept of game theory with RL to develop the hybrid MAC to reduce collisions between secondary users. However, the proposed techniques cannot be implemented in the SAS-CBRS-based system because of its inefficiency in a real dynamic environment.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Channel Allocation to GAA Users Using Double Deep Recurrent Q-Learning Based on Double Auction Method

Abbass,

Hussain,

Abbas

et al. 2023

IEEE Access

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The SAS-CBRS framework is being tested to share the federally held spectrum with licensed users and opportunistic users to maximize the underutilized spectrum's utility and overcome spectrum scarcity. In the SAS-CBRS framework, radio resources are assigned to the incumbent access (IA), primary access licensees (PAL), and general authorized access (GAA) users according to the given priority. The SAS-CBRS three-tier framework is different from the conventional cognitive radio networks (CRN) as it involves a central entity that acts as a server called a spectrum access system (SAS). The methods to assign the resources using the SAS are still in the research phase. Yet, no standard method is defined by the FCC for resource allocation. The current CRN methods cannot be directly applied because of the addition of the third tier and a central server. Moreover, strict rules are defined for using the 3.5 GHz spectrum band for communication. In this paper, a novel DDRQ-SAS algorithm integrated with the double auction (DA) algorithm is proposed that uses deep recurrent double Q-learning. The DDRQ-SAS is used by the SAS to hold a spectrum auction and create a spectrum pool to get information on PAL channels. PAL operators use the DA algorithm to generate the asking prices intelligently for their available idle channels and the GAA users will use the DA algorithm to intelligently bid for their preferred channels. The DDRQ-SAS-DA algorithm allows the GAA users to get the guaranteed QoS offered by the PAL operators in an auction. GAA users maintain the preference list of the PAL reserved idle channels and bid intelligently based on the available QoS. SAS completes the transaction by allocating the channels to the winning GAAs. The defined problem is also modeled using the double auction multi-winner multi-channel technique and the TDSA-PS algorithm. Numerical results show that the proposed DDRQ-SAS-DA algorithm provides up to 20% better QoS at higher loads for GAA users, generates 24% more revenue for PAL operators, and is 1.6 times more efficient in assigning 500 GAA users.

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Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Channel Allocation to GAA Users Using Double Deep Recurrent Q-Learning Based on Double Auction Method

Abbass,

Hussain,

Abbas

et al. 2023

IEEE Access

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“…In the case of dynamic and distributed network architecture, where topology changes frequently, the efficiency is greatly compromised as every change in topology needs to recompile the complete allocation. Authors in [25] used the concepts of game theory and reinforcement learning to present the self-organized spectrum sharing technique and design of hybrid MAC (HMAC). Initially, Nash equilibrium in non-cooperative game is achieved to minimize interference and to share the spectrum among CBSDs.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Resource Allocation in Spectrum Access System Using Multi-Objective Optimization Methods

Abbass

Hussain

Frnda

et al. 2022

Sensors

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The paradigm of dynamic shared access aims to provide flexible spectrum usage. Recently, Federal Communications Commission (FCC) has proposed a new dynamic spectrum management framework for the sharing of a 3.5 GHz (3550–3700 MHz) federal band, called a citizen broadband radio service (CBRS) band, which is governed by spectrum access system (SAS). It is the responsibility of SAS to manage the set of CBRS-SAS users. The set of users are classified in three tiers: incumbent access (IA) users, primary access license (PAL) users and the general authorized access (GAA) users. In this article, dynamic channel assignment algorithm for PAL and GAA users is designed with the goal of maximizing the transmission rate and minimizing the total cost of GAA users accessing PAL reserved channels. We proposed a new mathematical model based on multi-objective optimization for the selection of PAL operators and idle PAL reserved channels allocation to GAA users considering the diversity of PAL reserved channels’ attributes and the diversification of GAA users’ business needs. The proposed model is estimated and validated on various performance metrics through extensive simulations and compared with existing algorithms such as Hungarian algorithm, auction algorithm and Gale–Shapley algorithm. The proposed model results indicate that overall transmission rate, net cost and data-rate per unit cost remain the same in comparison to the classical Hungarian method and auction algorithm. However, the improved model solves the resource allocation problem approximately up to four times faster with better load management, which validates the efficiency of our model.

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“…The principle idea behind the proposed concept is to apply different initial values to control the nodes' binary-exponential-backoff-process (BEB) to extend the contention window in runtime and enhance the system throughput. Papers [27,41] present a Q-learning algorithm to estimate evacuation time useful within a real-time interference scenario and to show the Secondary Node can improve its throughput by up to 350% with only marginal losses to the Primary Node (4%) by using average and differential Primary Node buffer occupancy as environmental observation, respectively. In [26], various deep learning methods have been investigated for time and frequency steps.…”

Section: Delay Timementioning

confidence: 99%

“…In [54], they considered distance in order to characterize SAS, and to determine if two GAA nodes are interfering with each other or not. In [41], the authors considered an urban scenario with an area of A = 1 km 2 on average and a population of W = 2000 on average. The CBSDs are distributed in a 790-by-790 m region with a set-back distance of 210 m. The total number of CBSDs are N = W × MP/100.…”

Section: Distancementioning

confidence: 99%

A Survey on Citizens Broadband Radio Service (CBRS)

et al. 2022

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To leverage the existing spectrum and mitigate the global spectrum dearth, the Federal Communications Commission of the United States has recently opened the Citizens Broadband Radio Service (CBRS) spectrum, spanning 3550–3700 MHz, for commercial cognitive operations. The CBRS has a three-tier hierarchical architecture, wherein the incumbents, including military radars, occupy the topmost tier. The priority access licenses (PAL) and general authorized access (GAA) are second and third tier, respectively, facilitating licensed and unlicensed access to the spectrum. This combination of licensed and unlicensed access to the spectrum in a three-tier model has opened novel research directions in optimal spectrum sharing as well as privacy preservation, and hence, several schemes have been proposed for the same. This article provides a detailed survey of the existing literature on the CBRS. We provide an overview of the CBRS ecosystem and discuss the regulation and standardization process and industrial developments on the CBRS. The existing schemes for optimal spectrum sharing and resource allocation in CBRS are discussed in detail. Further, an in-depth study of the existing literature on the privacy of incumbents, PAL devices, and GAA devices in CBRS is presented. Finally, we discuss the open issues in CBRS, which demand more attention and effort.

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Concept Design of Medium Access Control for Spectrum Access Systems in 3.5 GHz

Cited by 7 publications

References 7 publications

Channel Allocation to GAA Users Using Double Deep Recurrent Q-Learning Based on Double Auction Method

Channel Allocation to GAA Users Using Double Deep Recurrent Q-Learning Based on Double Auction Method

Resource Allocation in Spectrum Access System Using Multi-Objective Optimization Methods

A Survey on Citizens Broadband Radio Service (CBRS)

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