Conceptualizing a novel Hybrid Decontamination System (HDS) based on UV/H2O2 treatment for the enhanced decontamination and reuse of N95 FFRs

Anand, Shalini; Mahajan, Divya; Kataki, Sampriti; Chatterjee, Soumya; Sharma, Pankaj Kumar; Kumar, Pramod; Narang, Rajiv

doi:10.1016/j.envc.2021.100276

Cited by 4 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 40 publications

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“…17,22 The steam sterilization (generated by autoclave and microwave) was found helpful as far as FE, but it may deteriorate fabric materials of the N95 mask. 9,23 However, understanding the physical and chemical changes induced by the various treatments remain unexplored or incomplete in a few cases. Therefore, examining the potential changes in physical structure and in particular, the electrostatic charge density status of decontaminated respirators should be carried out.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A detailed investigation of N95 respirator sterilization with dry heat, hydrogen peroxide, and ionizing radiation

Kumar

Joshi

Subramanian

et al. 2022

Journal of Industrial Textiles

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In the present ongoing pandemic, the N95 respirator is an essential protective barrier to suppress the spread of the SARS-Cov-2 virus and protect the frontline worker from exposure. The N95 respirators are meant for single usage; however, they can be used after sterilization, considering the economy and shortfall in availability. At this juncture, the performance of the respirator after various types of sterilization and usage condition is required to be analyzed in detail. With this motto, this work has proceeded. The respirator’s filtration efficiency (FE), breathing resistance, and quality factor are evaluated for two face velocities (5.8 ± 0.2 and 26.4 ± 0.9 cm/s). Sterilization techniques used here are dry air oven heating at 70–80 ± 3°C for 30 and 60 min, gamma irradiation for cumulative dose 15 and 25 kGy, and soaking in liquid hydrogen peroxide for 30 min. The filtration performance and electrostatic surface charge density are used to determine the facemask’s efficacy after sterilization. The respirator’s physical, chemical, and morphological degradation were investigated using materials area density, microscopic analyses, FTIR, Raman spectroscopy, EPR, and TGA analyses. The highest reduction in filtration efficiency is 29.36 ± 0.49–36.08 ± 1.78% after irradiation due to a reduction in the charge density (71–133%) of the respirator layers. However, the FE does not reduce significantly (0.39 ± 0.52 to −2.46 ± 0.60) for dry air heat and H2O2 sterilization despite a change in charge density (0.4–53%), but there is no direct correlation with FE. Electrostatic charge measurement of the filtration layer is a crucial indicator of FE degradation. Hence, dry air heat and H2O2 soaking are found to be the most suitable sterilization methods. No significant degradation was observed on the physical, chemical, and morphological properties of respirators layers after sterilization.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A detailed investigation of N95 respirator sterilization with dry heat, hydrogen peroxide, and ionizing radiation

Kumar

Joshi

Subramanian

et al. 2022

Journal of Industrial Textiles

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A combined approach toward enhancing 2-electron oxygen reduction through the incorporation of Pd-based complex into a carbonaceous matrix: Experimental and mechanistic-theoretical studies

Cordeiro

Souto

Almeida

et al. 2023

Electrochimica Acta

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Fluorescence-enhanced Si photodiodes for ultraviolet C rays (UVC) measurements

Katsumata

Hitomi

Narita

et al. 2022

Review of Scientific Instruments

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The ultraviolet C rays (UVC, wavelength λ = 100–280 nm) light generated by a Hg lamp ( λ = 254 nm) and UVC light-emitting diodes (LEDs, λ = 265 and 275 nm) was detected using a fluorescence-enhanced silicon photodiode (FE-PD). Ce-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG:Ce), YAG:Pr, YAG:Eu, YAG:Tb, YAG:Cr, Al2O3:Ti, Al2O3:Cr, MgAl2O4:Ti, MgAl2O4:Cr, MgAl2O4:Mn, and commercial fluorescent acrylic resins were tested as phosphor sources to enhance the output signal intensity of the FE-PD irradiated with UVC light. The resulting output signal intensity increased linearly with the UVC light strength, which was adjusted by raising the input current of the UVC LEDs from 0 to 40 mA. The sensitivity of the fabricated UVC detectors, assessed based on the calibration curve slope, varied depending on the phosphor materials. The phosphors effectively enhanced the output signal intensity of the FE-PD, which was up to six times greater than that of the visible and near infrared Si-PD without phosphors; the stronger output signal intensity was achieved using YAG:Tb, YAG:Cr, and a red fluorescent acrylic resin. The visible light emitted by phosphors under UVC irradiation is useful for detecting UVC light by the eye when using FE-PD.

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Conceptualizing a novel Hybrid Decontamination System (HDS) based on UV/H2O2 treatment for the enhanced decontamination and reuse of N95 FFRs

Cited by 4 publications

References 40 publications

A detailed investigation of N95 respirator sterilization with dry heat, hydrogen peroxide, and ionizing radiation

A detailed investigation of N95 respirator sterilization with dry heat, hydrogen peroxide, and ionizing radiation

A combined approach toward enhancing 2-electron oxygen reduction through the incorporation of Pd-based complex into a carbonaceous matrix: Experimental and mechanistic-theoretical studies

Fluorescence-enhanced Si photodiodes for ultraviolet C rays (UVC) measurements

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