Conceptualizing ecosystem degradation using mangrove forests as a model system

Yando, Erik S.; Sloey, Taylor M.; Dahdouh‐Guebas, Farid; Rogers, Kerrylee; Abuchahla, Guilherme M.O.; Cannicci, Stefano; Canty, Steven W. J.; Jennerjahn, Tim C; Ogurcak, Danielle E.; Adams, Janine B.; Connolly, Rod M.; Diele, Karen; Lee, Joe; Rowntree, Jennifer K.; Sharma, Sahadev; Cavanaugh, Kyle C.; Cormier, Nicole; Feller, Ilka C.; Fratini, Sara; Ouyang, Xiaoguang; Wee, Alison K. S.; Friess, Daniel A.

doi:10.1016/j.biocon.2021.109355

Cited by 26 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…Reporting key metrics and indicators on mangrove forest restoration, using standardized approaches, could provide a critical tool for restoration practitioners, both in evaluating their own efforts, and in providing a valuable baseline for future restoration. Given the increase in efforts there have been attempts to standardize the reporting and monitoring of restoration outcomes (e.g., FAO and WRI, 2019;Gann et al, 2019;Yando et al, 2021); however, challenges remain in implementing these global frameworks at the site level. There are also difficulties in applying generic frameworks to specific ecosystems given differences in project aims, restoration approaches, and potential outcomes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantifying the Reporting, Coverage and Consistency of Key Indicators in Mangrove Restoration Projects

Gatt

Andradi-Brown

Ahmadia

et al. 2022

Front. For. Glob. Change

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Mangroves are often cleared for aquaculture, agriculture, and coastal development despite the range of benefits for people and nature that they provide. In response to these losses, there are multiple global, and regional efforts aimed at accelerating mangrove forest restoration, resulting in many restoration projects being implemented and managed by different groups with highly diverse objectives. The information reported from these restoration projects is extremely variable, limiting our ability to identify whether desired objectives have been met or key factors that determine effective and durable restoration have been applied. To address this problem, we developed a holistic monitoring framework that captures the key indicators of restoration, spanning project aims, intervention type, costs, and ecological and socioeconomic outcomes. Subsequently, using a systematic literature search, we examined 123 published case studies to identify the range and quality of reported information on restoration, relative to our framework. We found that there were many gaps in reporting, for multiple indicators. Sections related to site conditions prior to restoration (reported in only 32% of case studies) and socioeconomic outcomes (26%) were consistently missing from most project reporting. Conversely, information on the type of intervention was reported for all case studies, and the aims of the project (reported in 76% of case studies) and ecological monitoring (82%) were far more prevalent. Generally, the restoration literature did not follow any specific framework in terms of reporting which likely contributed to the gaps in the information recorded. These gaps hinder comparisons between case studies, inhibiting the ability to learn lessons from previous restoration attempts by identifying commonalities. The need for more structure and consistent reporting supports the development of a standard restoration tracking tool that can facilitate the comparison of restoration efforts, aiding the implementation of future projects.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantifying the Reporting, Coverage and Consistency of Key Indicators in Mangrove Restoration Projects

Gatt

Andradi-Brown

Ahmadia

et al. 2022

Front. For. Glob. Change

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“…Permasalahan tersebut telah menjadi isu global, diperkirakan terjadi pengurangan tahunan sebesar tujuh juta hektar (Nunoo & Agyekumhene, 2022) yang menyebabkan penurunan 20-35% tutupan mangrove (Carugati et al, 2018). Degradasi ekosistem mangrove disebabkan oleh deforestasi, perubahan tata guna lahan, perubahan iklim, aktivitas antropogenik seperti pertanian (Yando et al, 2021) dan bencana alam berupa badai (Lee et al, 2021).…”

Section: Pendahuluanunclassified

Application of NDVI Transformation on Sentinel 2A Imagery for mapping mangrove conditions in Makassar City

Faizal¹,

Mutmainna²,

Amran³

et al. 2023

Akuatikisle: J. Aqua. Coast. & Isle

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Mangrove ecosystems consist of tropical plants that have adapted to the salinity, tidal fluctuations, and loose soil condition. Identification of mangrove ecosystems can be carried out by direct survey methods or by utilizing remote sensing technology. This study aims to map the area, percent cover, and density of mangroves in Makassar City using Sentinel 2A Imagery. The method used is the NDVI transformation, followed by Unsupervised-ISODATA classification, ground check with the 10 x 10-meter plotting method, and hemispherical photography. The results showed that the existence of mangroves in Makassar City was still found in the Tallo and Biringkanaya districts, with 68.81 ha of mangrove ecosystem cover area in the range of 84.36 - 91.89% (dense category). Likewise, the vegetation index based on NDVI analysis ranged from 0.73 - 0.81 (dense category), and the species density was in the range of 2700 - 6400 trees/Ha (dense category). Sentinel-2A imagery transformed with NDVI can be used to track mangrove areas and their density. The wide distribution of mangrove ecosystems in Makassar is relatively small but has good conditions.

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“…Hence, the major challenge here is to determine when a mangrove forest is so degraded that some form of active intervention is required (as opposed to cases where initial degradation of ecosystem integrity can still be halted through effective conservation measures). Yando et al (2021) recently provided the Degradation Indicator Framework to assess the severity of mangrove degradation using multiple indicators and comparisons to reference sites. On the other hand, afforestation (see Box 1) can transform unvegetated coastal habitats into mangrove stands, e.g., on freshly deposited sediment banks to stabilize the sediment and to establish ecosystem service provisioning de novo.…”

Section: When and Why To (Re-)establishmentioning

confidence: 99%

When nature needs a helping hand: Different levels of human intervention for mangrove (re-)establishment

Zimmer

Ajonina

Amir

et al. 2022

Front. For. Glob. Change

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Protecting existing mangrove forests is a priority for global conservation because of the wide range of services that these coastal forests provide to humankind. Despite the recent reduction in global rates of mangrove loss, high historical loss rates mean that there are at least 800,000 ha globally that are potentially suitable for mangrove re-establishment. Recently deposited mud banks or intertidal, previously terrestrial, land might provide additional habitat for expanding mangrove areas locally. There is a long history of mangrove rehabilitation. However, despite numerous good examples of, and growing expertise in, natural or assisted (re-)establishment activities, most mangrove planting efforts, for instance, either fail entirely or meet with only limited success. Exposed to waves and currents and subject to tidal inundation, mangroves differ from terrestrial forests, and approaches to, or tools for, terrestrial forest restoration cannot easily be transferred to mangrove forests. Successful mangrove (re-)establishment usually requires a robust understanding of the abiotic and biotic conditions of the chosen site, the ecological requirements of the mangrove species used or facilitated, the reasons for previous mangrove loss or degradation, as well as the barriers–both societal and ecological–that have prevented natural recovery to date. Because most mangrove forests are socio-ecological systems, with which local human populations are intimately engaged, (re-)establishment will normally require the support of, and engagement with, local communities and other local stakeholders. Here, we summarize where, when and why (re-)establishment of mangroves is needed and how to assess this need. We discuss a range of potential aims and goals of mangrove (re-)establishment along with potential pitfalls along the way from conceiving the initial idea to its realization. We compare different technical and conceptual approaches to mangrove (re-)establishment, their challenges and opportunities, and their design and financial requirements, as well as potential solutions. We ground our final outlook and recommendations on examples of successful efforts and the factors that rendered (re-)establishment successful in the past.

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Conceptualizing ecosystem degradation using mangrove forests as a model system

Cited by 26 publications

References 68 publications

Quantifying the Reporting, Coverage and Consistency of Key Indicators in Mangrove Restoration Projects

Quantifying the Reporting, Coverage and Consistency of Key Indicators in Mangrove Restoration Projects

Application of NDVI Transformation on Sentinel 2A Imagery for mapping mangrove conditions in Makassar City

When nature needs a helping hand: Different levels of human intervention for mangrove (re-)establishment

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