Conclusion

Sloan, Dendy; Koh, Carolyn A.; Sum, Amadeu K.; Ballard, A.L.; Creek, Jefferson L.; Eaton, Michael; Lachance, Jason W.; McMullen, Norm; Palermo, Thierry; Shoup, G.J.; Talley, Larry D.

doi:10.1016/b978-1-85617-945-4.00008-x

Cited by 136 publications

(261 citation statements)

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“…The use of some additives is another way to limit the hydrate growth (Mork et al, 2001). (Sloan, 2011) Hydrate equilibrium conditions are the temperatures and pressures in which hydrate particles exist in equilibrium with the gas phase, water, and additive. As shown in Figure 5, such conditions are specified by the curves.…”

Section: Hydrate Formationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Volume Averaging of Multiphase Flows With Hydrate Formation in Subsea Pipelines

Torbati

Naterer

Odukoya

2015

Volume 5B: Pipeline and Riser Technology

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In oil and gas pipeline operations, the gas, oil, and water phases simultaneously move through pipe systems. The mixture cools as it flows through subsea pipelines, and forms a hydrate formation region, where the hydrate crystals start to grow and may eventually block the pipeline. The potential of pipe blockage due to hydrate formation is one of the most significant flow-assurance problems in deep-water subsea operations. Due to the catastrophic safety and economic implications of hydrate blockage, it is important to accurately predict the simultaneous flow of gas, water, and hydrate particles in flowlines. Currently, there are few or no studies that account for the simultaneous effects of hydrate growth and heat transfer on flow characteristics within pipelines.This thesis presents new and more accurate predictive models of multiphase flows in undersea pipelines to describe the simultaneous flow of gas, water, and hydrate particles

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Section: Hydrate Formationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Volume Averaging of Multiphase Flows With Hydrate Formation in Subsea Pipelines

Torbati

Naterer

Odukoya

2015

Volume 5B: Pipeline and Riser Technology

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show abstract

“…Multiple researches have evidenced that hydrate nucleation happens at the interface between water and hydrocarbon, where the Gibbs free energy of nucleation is lower. It is explained by the very high concentrations of both hydrate components at this site and the mutual insolubility at low concentrations of hydrocarbons and water [28,38,[44][45][46]. Nowadays, there are basically two conceptual molecular models of hydrate nucleation at the interface: the labile cluster hypothesis and the local structuring hypothesis.…”

Section: Hydrate Formationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These two components are not chemically connected [1,28] but, under appropriate thermodynamic conditions, they form a crystalline solid compound physically similar to ice that, in most cases, ignite when lit. This solid compound is stabilized by van der Waals forces.…”

Section: Hydratesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The objective of using thermodynamic inhibitors is to change the hydrate "envelope" so that the pressures and temperatures of the system become outside of it. The KHIs, in turn, delay the crystallization time whereas the AAs make hydrate particles remain dispersed to avoid agglomerates [28,30]. Nowadays, the industry has favored hydrate management technics, with anti-agglomerants for example, instead of hydrate avoidance technics, with inhibitors.…”

Section: Hydrate Dissociationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2.3(a)) normally sequester small hydrocarbon molecules, such as methane, ethane and carbon dioxide. They are found mainly in nature [28]. Type II hydrates (Fig.…”

Section: Hydrate Structuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Kinetics of Cyclopentane Hydrate Formation: An Interfacial Rheology Study

LEOPERCIO¹

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Hydrophobic Particle Effects on Hydrate Crystal Growth at the Water–Oil Interface

Cha¹,

Baek²,

Morris³

et al. 2013

Chemistry An Asian Journal

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This study introduced hydrophobic silica nanoparticles (SiNPs) into an interface of aqueous and hydrate-forming oil phases and analyzed the inhibition of hydrate crystal growth after seeding the hydrate slurry. The hydrate inhibition performance was quantitatively identified by micro-differential scanning calorimetry (micro-DSC) experiments. Through the addition of 1.0 wt% of SiNPs into the water-oil interface, the hydrate crystal growth only occurred around the seeding position of cyclopentane (CP) hydrate slurry, and the growth of hydrate crystals was retarded. Upon a further increase in the SiNP concentration up to 2.0 wt%, the SiNP-laden interface completely prevented hydrate growth. We observed a hollow conical shape of hydrate crystals with 0.0 and 1.0 wt% of SiNPs, respectively, but the size and shape of the conical crystals was shrunken at 1.0 wt% of silica nanoparticles. However, the conical shape did not appear with an increased nanoparticle concentration of 2 wt%. These findings can provide insight into hydrate inhibition in oil and gas delivery lines, possibly with nanoparticles.

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Conclusion

Cited by 136 publications

References 0 publications

Volume Averaging of Multiphase Flows With Hydrate Formation in Subsea Pipelines

Volume Averaging of Multiphase Flows With Hydrate Formation in Subsea Pipelines

Kinetics of Cyclopentane Hydrate Formation: An Interfacial Rheology Study

Hydrophobic Particle Effects on Hydrate Crystal Growth at the Water–Oil Interface

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