Concomitant infection of cattle with the vaccine strain Anaplasma marginale ss centrale and field strains of A. marginale

Shkap, Varda; Leibovitz, B.; Krigel, Y.; Molad, T.; Fish, L.; Mazuz, Monica L.; Fleiderovitz, Ludmila; Savitsky, I.

doi:10.1016/j.vetmic.2008.02.013

Cited by 21 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…These results are contrasted with those obtained after vaccination with A. centrale both in this study (Fig. 3C) and in previously published studies [13, 30], where a characteristic peak of bacteremia associated with a drop in PCV is seen after challenge with A. marginale . The A. centrale vaccinated animal had measurable bacteremia and associated mild anemia following challenge with AmStM, in contrast to the near absence of microscopically detectable bacteremia observed in the AmStM-GFP vaccinated group (Fig.…”

Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 99%

“…3C). That A. centrale vaccinated animals become infected with the challenge strain, but are protected from high infection levels and severe anemia has been shown repeatedly [13, 18]. The five control calves were successfully infected by tick challenge as evidenced by seroconversion and development of the expected infection profiles (Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 77%

“…Because the A. centrale vaccine is blood-based, it is not approved in the United States or European Union due to the inherent risk of transmission of known or emerging blood-borne pathogens along with the vaccine, as previously demonstrated in a batch of vaccine contaminated with bovine leucosis virus [12]. A. centrale protects vaccinates from severe clinical disease upon challenge with field strains of A. marginale , with animals generally showing mild signs of anaplasmosis post-vaccination and post-challenge [13, 14]. However, variability in clinical manifestations of anaplasmosis upon infection with the vaccine strain and protection from clinical signs upon challenge with field strains is well documented.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Protective immunity induced by immunization with a live, cultured Anaplasma marginale strain

Hammac

Galletti

et al. 2013

Vaccine

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Despite significant economic losses resulting from infection with Anaplasma marginale, a tick-transmitted rickettsial pathogen of cattle, available vaccines provide, at best, only partial protection against clinical disease. The green-fluorescent protein expressing mutant of the A. marginale St. Maries strain is a live, marked vaccine candidate (AmStM-GFP1). To test whether AmStM-GFP is safe and provides clinical protection, a group of calves was vaccinated, and clinical parameters, including percent parasitized erythrocytes (PPE), packed cell volume (PCV) and days required to reach peak bacteremia, were measured following inoculation and following tick challenge with wild type St Maries strain (AmStM). These clinical parameters were compared to those obtained during infection with the A. marginale subsp. centrale vaccine strain (A. centrale) or wild type AmStM. AmStM-GFP resulted in similar clinical parameters to A. centrale, but had a lower maximum PPE, smaller drop in PCV and took longer to reach peak bacteremia than wild type AmStM. AmStM-GFP provided clinical protection, yielding a stable PCV and low bacteremia following challenge, whereas A. centrale only afforded partial clinical protection.

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Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 77%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Protective immunity induced by immunization with a live, cultured Anaplasma marginale strain

Hammac

Galletti

et al. 2013

Vaccine

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“…Although A. marginale subsp. centrale undoubtedly provides some protection against A. marginale strains [35], controlled trials have shown low efficacy of this vaccine against heterologous isolates from South America and Africa [36–39], and infection by A. marginale subspecies centrale does not prevent subsequent superinfection by A. marginale [40]. These data have stimulated the search for less virulent strains of A. marginale to potentially replace the A. marginale subspecies centrale vaccine, and such strains have been identified in Australia and Mexico [41,42].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multistrain genome analysis identifies candidate vaccine antigens of Anaplasma marginale

Dark¹,

Al-Khedery²,

Barbet³

2011

Vaccine

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Anaplasmosis in domestic livestock is an impediment to animal health and production worldwide, especially in developing countries in Africa, Asia, and South America. Vaccines have been developed and marketed against the causative organism, Anaplasma marginale; however, these have not been widely used because of breakthrough infections caused by heterologous strains and because of the risk of disease induced by live vaccine strains themselves. Recently, molecular studies have enabled progress to be made in understanding the causes for breakthrough infections and in defining new vaccine targets. A. marginale has a system for antigenic variation of the MSP2 and MSP3 outer membrane proteins which are members of the pfam01617 gene superfamily. In this study, we used high throughput genome sequencing to define conservation of different superfamily members in ten U.S. strains of A. marginale and also in the related live vaccine strain A. marginale subspecies centrale. The comparisons included the pseudogenes that contribute to antigenic variation and other superfamily-encoded outer membrane proteins. Additionally, we examined conservation of other proteins proposed previously as vaccine candidates. These data showed significantly increased numbers of SNPs in A. marginale subspecies centrale when compared to all U.S. A. marginale strains. We defined a catalog of 19 conserved candidate vaccine antigens that may be suitable for development of a multi-component recombinant vaccine. The methods described are rapid and may be suitable for other prokaryotes where repeats comprise a substantial portion of their genomes.

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“…Although previous studies have shown that the A. marginale subsp. centrale provides some protection against A. marginale strains (ANZIANI et al, 1987, VIDOTTO et al, 1998, others have shown partial protection with low efficacy against strains from Australia, South America, and Africa (BRIZUELA et al, 1998;TURTON et al, 1998, BOCK;DE VOS, 2001), In addition, subsequent reinfection with a high parasite load can not prevented (SHKAP et al, 2008). The basis of immunization against A. marginale with the A. marginale subsp.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immune response of calves inoculated with proteins ofAnaplasma marginale bound to an immunostimulant complex

Gasparini

Vieira

Nascimento

et al. 2013

Rev. Bras. Parasitol. Vet.

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Despite our current knowledge of the immunology, pathology, and genetics of Anaplasma marginale, prevention in cattle is currently based on old standbys, including live attenuated vaccines, antibiotic treatment, and maintaining enzootic stability in cattle herds. In the present study, we evaluated the use of an immunostimulant complex (ISCOMATRIX) adjuvant, associated with a pool of recombinant major surface proteins (rMSP1a, rMSP1b, rMSP4 and rMSP5) to improve the humoral immune response triggered in calves mainly by IgG2. Ten calves were divided in three groups: 4 calves were inoculated with the ISCOMATRIX/rMSPs (G1); 2 calves were inoculated with ISCOMATRIX adjuvant (G2); and 4 calves received saline (G3). Three inoculations were administered at 21-day intervals. In G1, the calves showed significant increases in total IgG, IgG1 and IgG2 levels 21 days after the second inoculation, compared to the control group (p < 0.05), and G1 calves remained above the cut-off value 28 days after the third inoculation (p < 0.05). The post-immunized sera from calves in G1 reacted specifically for each of the rMSPs used. In conclusion, the ISCOMATRIX/rMSPs induced antigen-specific seroconversion in calves. Therefore, additional testing to explore the protection induced by rMSPs, both alone and in conjunction with proteins previously identified as subdominant epitopes, is warranted.

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Concomitant infection of cattle with the vaccine strain Anaplasma marginale ss centrale and field strains of A. marginale

Cited by 21 publications

References 18 publications

Protective immunity induced by immunization with a live, cultured Anaplasma marginale strain

Protective immunity induced by immunization with a live, cultured Anaplasma marginale strain

Multistrain genome analysis identifies candidate vaccine antigens of Anaplasma marginale

Immune response of calves inoculated with proteins ofAnaplasma marginale bound to an immunostimulant complex

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