Concomitant Quantification of Caffeine, Cotinine and N-methyl Uric Acid in Urine. Applications for athlete monitoring and pharmacological screening

Vescan, Amelia Tero; Ősz, Bianca Eugenia; Maier, Anca; Imre, Silvia; Ormenişan, Alina; Hancu, Violeta; Vari, Camil-Eugen

doi:10.37358/rc.17.10.5871

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…each occur in much lower percentages (6–8%). As a result, taking into account the relative innocuity of caffeine, the urinary metabolites/caffeine can be used in pharmacogenetics for the determination of the CYP1A2 phenotype (molar ratio of 7-demethylated compounds–AFMU, 1-methylxanthine, 1-methyluric acid, and the immediate precursor paraxanthine), as for the quantitative evaluation of the catalytic activity of XO (molar ratio of 1-methyluric acid to total 1-methyluric acid + 1-methylxanthine [ 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 ].…”

Section: Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Properties Of Caffeinementioning

confidence: 99%

Caffeine and Its Antioxidant Properties—It Is All about Dose and Source

Ősz

Jîtcă²,

Ștefănescu³

et al. 2022

IJMS

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Caffeine is the most frequently used substance with a central nervous system stimulant effect, but its consumption is most often due to the intake of foods and drinks that contain it (coffee, tea, chocolate, food supplements with plant extracts of Guarana, Mate herba, Cola nuts). Due to its innocuity, caffeine is a safe xanthine alkaloid for human consumption in a wide range of doses, being used for its central nervous stimulating effect, lipolytic and diuresis-enhancing properties, but also as a permitted ergogenic compound in athletes. In addition to the mechanisms that explain the effects of caffeine on the targeted organ, there are many proposed mechanisms by which this substance would have antioxidant effects. As such, its consumption prevents the occurrence/progression of certain neurodegenerative diseases as well as other medical conditions associated with increased levels of reactive oxygen or nitrogen species. However, most studies that have assessed the beneficial effects of caffeine have used pure caffeine. The question, therefore, arises whether the daily intake of caffeine from food or drink has similar benefits, considering that in foods or drinks with a high caffeine content, there are other substances that could interfere with this action, either by potentiating or decreasing its antioxidant capacity. Natural sources of caffeine often combine plant polyphenols (phenol-carboxylic acids, catechins) with known antioxidant effects; however, stimulant drinks and dietary supplements often contain sugars or artificial sweeteners that can significantly reduce the effects of caffeine on oxidative stress. The objective of this review is to clarify the effects of caffeine in modulating oxidative stress and assess these benefits, considering the source and the dose administered.

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Section: Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Properties Of Caffeinementioning

confidence: 99%

Caffeine and Its Antioxidant Properties—It Is All about Dose and Source

Ősz

Jîtcă²,

Ștefănescu³

et al. 2022

IJMS

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“…It is now recognized that cotinine, the major metabolite of nicotine, can be used as a biomarker for tobacco addiction, as well as for passive smoking, due to its longer half-life and stability [ 13 , 14 ]. Both nicotine and cotinine can be detected in biological samples using various analytical techniques such as gas chromatography (GC–MS) or high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with a UV [ 15 , 16 ], fluorescence [ 17 ] or mass spectrometry detector [ 18 , 19 ]. HPLC methods with UV detectors are simple, rapid, reliable and have a low cost.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of Ionic Liquids as Mobile Phase Additives for Simultaneous Analysis of Nicotine and Its Metabolite Cotinine in Human Plasma by HPLC–DAD

et al. 2023

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Nicotine and cotinine are very polar basic molecules, which makes it difficult to analyze them by reversed-phase liquid chromatography (RPLC), especially in biological samples. Additives with an ionic character have been traditionally used in RPLC as silanol suppressors. The aim of our study was to investigate the potential of selected ionic liquids in improving chromatographic performance in comparison with common additives. The experimental design was conducted using the following ionic liquids as the mobile phase modifiers: 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate, BMIM[BF4] and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate BMIM[PF6], with a C18 chromatographic column. The separation of these alkaloids on silica-based RPLC stationary phases was successfully conducted by the addition of BMIM[BF4] in an acetonitrile:phosphate-buffer-based mobile phase in a pH range of 2.3–5.2. The presented chromatographic method can be used as alternative for monitoring studies or pharmacokinetic application necessary for the evaluation of tobacco smoke exposure.

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“…Primarily components of human urine are as follows: water H2O:91% to 96%, with organic solutes including urea H 2 NCONH 2 : 9.3 g/L to 23.3 g/L, creatinine C 4 H 7 N 3 O: 0.670 g/L to 2.15 g/L, uric acid and trace amounts of enzymes, carbohydrates, hormones, fatty acids, pigments, mucins and inorganic ions such as sodium Na + : 1.17 g/L to 4.39 g/L , potassium K + : 0.750 g/L to 2.61 g/L , chloride Cl -: 1.87 g/L to 8.4 g/L, magnesium Mg 2+ , and inorganic sulfur S²É: 0.163 to 1.80 g/L [8][9][10][11]. Top of Form resistance and increasing arterial blood pressure by arteriolar constriction [4,[20][21][22].…”

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confidence: 99%