Concrete block production from construction and demolition waste in Tanzania

Sabai, M.M.; Cox, Mark; Mato, Rram; Egmond, E.L.C. van; Lichtenberg, J.J.N.

doi:10.1016/j.resconrec.2012.12.003

Cited by 61 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Several varieties of construction products have been explored using C&D wastes 4,8,9,[20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33] . Ravindrarajah and Tam 34 studied the properties of concrete made from recycled crushed concrete fines.…”

Section: Non-organic Solid Wastementioning

confidence: 99%

Non-Organic Solid Wastes - Potential Resource for Construction Materials

Reddy¹,

Kumar²,

Ullas³

et al. 2016

Current Science

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Construction industry consumes natural resources in bulk quantities for various products such as bricks/ blocks, mortar, concrete, etc. Indiscriminate exploitation of natural resources to meet the ever-expanding needs of the construction sector is posing serious environmental concerns and resulting in scarcity of natural raw materials. At the same time, a large volume of non-organic solid waste (NOSW) is being generated through various anthropogenic activities. It is challenging to find environmentally safe and economically viable solutions for handling such waste materials. This article discusses the construction industry scenario in India, some estimates of NOSW and strategies for their utilization. Few case studies of R&D work on the possibilities of utilizing NOSW for construction products are illustrated. In particular, the technical feasibility of utilizing construction and demolition (C&D) waste and iron ore tailings (IOT) as raw materials for construction products is highlighted. Experimental results presented here on the properties of mortar and concrete when C&D waste and IOT are used as an alternative to fine aggregate for replacing the scarce river sand are promising, showing immense potential for utilizing NOSW for the manufacture of construction products and materials.Keywords: Aggregates, construction materials, iron ore tailings, solid waste.CONSTRUCTION sector consumes maximum amount of natural resources and energy. Manufacturing of construction products requires raw materials and energy. Majority of the raw materials are mined from the earth. Natural resources are mined indiscriminately for construction purposes, causing environmental problems. Energy is expended for converting the raw materials into useful construction products. In addition, the construction materials and products are hauled over long distances spending fossil fuel energy. There are many instances where laws have been enforced to preserve precious natural resources and even ban mining of sand from the river beds.Raw material extraction, manufacture of materials, transportation and construction cause environmental damage and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Estimates show that more than 40% of the total energy and 30% of the material resources are consumed by the habitat and related infrastructure 1 . Ruuska and Hakkinen 2 estimate that better construction and use of buildings in the European Union would influence 42% of energy consumption and more than 50% of all extracted materials. There is an urgent need for minimizing the mining of raw materials and reducing energy consumption.Annual per capita consumption of construction materials is estimated at 1.8 and 3.6 tonnes in India and the world respectively 3 . Aggregates constitute about 60% of the total materials consumed. For example, in India per capita annual consumption of aggregates is about 1.0 tonne in contrast to about 0.20 tonnes food grains consumption. Consumption of cement has grown by leaps and bounds since the last three decades. A tonne of cement requires 5-6 ton...

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Section: Non-organic Solid Wastementioning

confidence: 99%

Non-Organic Solid Wastes - Potential Resource for Construction Materials

Reddy¹,

Kumar²,

Ullas³

et al. 2016

Current Science

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“…The frequently studied SCMs are fly ash (Basri et al, 1999;Kevern et al, 2011), furnace slag (Kevern et al, 2011), silica fume (Limbachiya et al, 2012), etc. The investigated AAs include, but are not limited to, RCA (Alam et al, 2013;Etxeberria et al, 2007;Limbachiya et al, 2012;Sabai et al, 2013), building rubbles (Khalaf and Devenny, 2004), tire rubber (Nehdi and Khan, 2001), oil palm shells (Basri et al, 1999), and waste glass (Berry et al, 2011;Ling et al, 2013). Several researchers further investigated the structural applications of sustainable concrete in reinforced concrete beams or slabs (Akhtaruzzaman and Hasnat, 1986;Berry et al, 2011;Mannan and Ganapathy, 2004;Kumar et al, 2007).…”

Section: The Emergency and Potential Use Of Sustainable Raw Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While the use of an SCM or AA could improve certain concrete properties, it might simultaneously compromise some other properties (Batayneh et al, 2007;Berry et al, 2011;Sabai et al, 2013;Siddique et al, 2008;Yang et al, 2005). This is partially due to the presence of so many concrete properties, e.g., workability, compressive strength, tensile/flexural strength, and durability.…”

Section: The Emergency and Potential Use Of Sustainable Raw Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, concrete made with waste materials is not necessarily considered sustainable unless its durability has been proven (Lepech et al, 2008). To address these potential issues, researchers have conducted extensive studies to identify waste materials that can be used as SCMs and AAs in concrete production (Alsheyab and Khedaywi, 2013;Bondar et al, 2011;Limbachiya et al, 2012;Manso et al, 2006;Polanco et al, 2011;Sabai et al, 2013;Topçu and Boga, 2010;Trussoni et al, 2012). Despite all these efforts, a gap still exists between academic research and industry practice; i.e., materials studied in academia may have critical restrictions to limit their wide application in industry.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Survey of the current status of sustainable concrete production in the U.S.

Jin

Chang

Soboyejo

2015

Resources, Conservation and Recycling

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Abstract:The wide use of concrete in construction has significantly impacted energy use and environmental quality. Fortunately, the emergence of sustainable concrete, made with alternative or recycled waste materials, offers great opportunities to improve concrete sustainability. This paper studies the current status of sustainable concrete production in the U.S. through a questionnaire survey. It revealed that the surveyed companies varied largely in their recognition and adoption of supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) and alternative aggregates (AAs). Of the various alternative materials available, the most widely used by survey participants were limited to the three SCMs (fly ash, slag cement, and silica fume) and two types of aggregates (lightweight and recycled concrete aggregates). Multiple benefits and barriers to the adoption of SCMs and AAs, e.g., concrete properties, cost, and local availability, were also disclosed by survey participants. Statistical comparisons identified differences in sustainable concrete production between ready mixed concrete suppliers and concrete prefabricators, as well as in its applications in structural and nonstructural concrete components. The findings provide a better understanding of the U.S. sustainable concrete production and offer insights into how researchers can help address industry concerns about the implementation of sustainable concrete.

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“…In 2 Advances in Materials Science and Engineering addition to economic benefits [9] and environmental merits [10], this solution has technical justification [9][10][11] as the product can be used confidently in concrete production [11] and road building applications [10]. According to research, the primary factors undermining the prospect of further use of recycled aggregates (RA) are the poor quality of recycling process [12,13] and the poor quality of resulting concrete [14], but according to experimental studies [3,15,16], the concrete to be made with RA can be strengthened by proper adjustment of mix design and production process.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Economic and Environmental Evaluation and Optimal Ratio of Natural and Recycled Aggregate Production

Ghanbari

Abbasi

Ravanshadnia

2017

Advances in Materials Science and Engineering

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Steady increase in overexploitation of stone quarries, generation of construction and demolition waste, and costs of preparing extra landfill space have become environmental and waste management challenges in metropolises. In this paper, aggregate production is studied in two scenarios: scenario 1 representing the production of natural aggregates (NA) and scenario 2 representing the production of recycled aggregates (RA). This study consists of two parts. In the first part, the objective is the environmental assessment (energy consumption and CO 2 emission) and economic (cost) evaluation of these two scenarios, which is pursued by life-cycle assessment (LCA) method. In the second part, the results of the first part are used to estimate the optimal combination of production of NA and RA and thereby find an optimal solution (scenario) for a more eco-friendly aggregate production. The defined formulas and relationship are used to develop a model. The results of model validation show that the optimal ratio, in optimal scenario, is 50%. The results show that, compared to scenario 1, optimal scenario improves the energy consumption, CO 2 emissions, and production cost by, respectively, 30%, 36%, and 31%, which demonstrate the effectiveness of this optimization.

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Concrete block production from construction and demolition waste in Tanzania

Abstract: In Tanzania

Cited by 61 publications

References 13 publications

Non-Organic Solid Wastes - Potential Resource for Construction Materials

Non-Organic Solid Wastes - Potential Resource for Construction Materials

Survey of the current status of sustainable concrete production in the U.S.

Economic and Environmental Evaluation and Optimal Ratio of Natural and Recycled Aggregate Production

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