Concurrent detection of five Yellow dwarf viruses (B/CYDVs) in wheat in Mardin (Turkey) and phylogenetic relationship of BYDV-PAV

Abstract

Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is a natural host of many viruses. Yellow dwarf viruses belonging to the Luteoviridae family are important virus species that cause economic loss by restricting wheat production worldwide. Surveys were conducted in 2017 to determine Yellow dwarf viruses (BYDV-PAV, BYDV-MAV, BYDV-SGV, BYDV-RMV, and CYDV-RPV) and their infection rates in wheat production areas in Mardin province. 400 fresh leaf samples collected were tested by Multiplex reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (m-RT-PCR). The overall infection rate was found to be 3%. BYDV-PAV has been identified as the most widespread virus with a 2.5% presence rate. It was found out that BYDV-SGV, CYDV-RPV, and BYDV-RMV infections were lower, with rates of 1.75%, 0.5% and 0.25% respectively. In the current study, double infections were detected in 8 samples. The overall infection rate of the detected viruses (BYDV-PAV, BYDV-SGV, CYDV-RPV, BYDV-RMV) was found to be lower than the records reported in previous similar studies. No BYDV-MAV infection was found in any of the wheat samples tested. The cDNA of the coat protein (CP) gene of a BYDV-PAV isolate randomly selected from virus-positive samples was cloned, bidirectionally sequenced, and the phylogenetic relationship revealed. According to the phylogenetic analysis with 19 different isolates in the NCBI database of BYDV-PAV Mardin isolate, it showed the highest genetic similarity by 95.52% with the Germany isolate (KY634926) while the lowest similarity rate was 89.22% with the Germany and Pakistan isolates (KY634886 and JQ811489). The presence of BYDV-PAV, BYDV-SGV, CYDV-RPV, and BYDV-RMV were reported for the first time with this survey study conducted in Mardin.

Current status and molecular phylogeny of some economically important viruses infecting wheat crops of Şırnak province, Turkey

“…In this study, the frequency of wheat plants infected by BYDVs is relatively low, as in other areas of the Eastern Anatolia Region (Usta et al, 2020;Karaozan and Usta;2020;Hassan et al, 2018), but not as in the Thrace Region and Aegean Region (İlbağı, 2017;Kılıç et al, 2019). The different prevalence of infection is probably due to environmental and climatic factors, change in the vector-insect population annually, differences in the control of vector-insect-weeds, and changes in grain planted areas.…”

“…With 0.73%, CYDV-RPV had the lowest disease potential compared to BYDV-PAV. The occurrence of this virus in Turkey has been reported by various researchers at a low frequency in wheat crops compared with other studies related to BYDVs (Usta et al, 2020;Hassan et al, 2018;Köklü, 2004;Karaozan and Usta, 2020;Erler, 2019).…”