Concurrent Estimation of Total Body and Exchangeable Body Sodium in Hypertension

Boddy, K.; Brown, J. J.; Davies, David; Elliott, Alex; Harvey, I; Haywood, J. K.; Holloway, I.; Lever, A.F.; Robertson, J. I. S.; Williams, E. D.

doi:10.1042/cs0540187

Cited by 20 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Ankle swelling (mm) 20(25) 6(7) 6(8) 8 (14) p<0-04 NS Supine heart rate (beats/minute) 83 (9) 79 (10) 75 (11) 79 (11) p<0-05 NS Supine systolic blood pressure (mm Hg) 118 (20) 109 (16) 110 (18) 130 (27) (14) 112 (17) 127(26) p<0O01 -p<0-005…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Captopril in heart failure. A double blind controlled trial.

Cleland¹,

Dargie²,

Hodsman³

et al. 1984

Heart

354

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The effect of the converting enzyme inhibitor captopril as long term treatment was investigated in 14 patients with severe congestive heart failure in a double blind trial. Captopril reduced plasma concentrations of angiotensin II and noradrenaline, with a converse increase in active renin concentration. Effective renal plasma flow increased and renal vascular resistance fell; glomerular filtration rate did not change. Serum urea and creatinine concentrations rose. Both serum and total body potassium contents increased; there were no long term changes in serum concentration or total body content of sodium. Exercise tolerance was appreciably improved, and dyspnoea and fatigue lessened. Left ventricular end systolic and end diastolic dimensions were reduced. There was an appreciable reduction in complex ventricular ectopic rhythms. Adverse effects were few: weight gain and fluid retention were evident in five patients when captopril was introduced and two patients initially experienced mild postural dizziness; rashes in two patients did not recur when the drug was reintroduced at a lower dose; there was a significant reduction in white cell count overall, but the lowest individual white cell count was 4000 X 10(6)/l. Captopril thus seemed to be of considerable value in the long term treatment of severe cardiac failure.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Captopril in heart failure. A double blind controlled trial.

Cleland¹,

Dargie²,

Hodsman³

et al. 1984

Heart

354

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show abstract

“…Exchangeable sodium (Na,), exchangeable potassium (K,) and total body potassium (TBK) were measured by isotope dilution Boddy, King, Tothill & Strong, 1971); in one man, total body sodium was measured by activation analysis (Boddy, Brown, Davies, Elliot, Harvey, Haywood, Holloway, Lever, Robertson & Williams, 1978).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Captopril in Hypertension with Renal Artery Stenosis and in Intractable Hypertension; Acute and Chronic Changes in Circulating Concentrations of Renin, Angiotensins I and II and Aldosterone, and in Body Composition

et al. 1979

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1. The converting-enzyme inhibitor captopril has been given in doses up to 450 mg daily to hypertensive patients with renal artery stenosis and to patients resistant to other therapy. 2. Captopril alone was effective in controlling hypertension in renal artery stenosis, irrespective of whether pretreatment plasma angiotensin II was raised or normal, except in one man with overall renal impairment. 3. In one woman with the hyponatraemic hypertensive syndrome secondary to renal artery thrombosis, captopril restored depleted exchangeable sodium and potassium to normal. In the other cases of renal artery stenosis with normal renal function, exchangeable sodium and total body potassium were not significantly altered, and there were no marked changes in plasma sodium and potassium. 4. The combination of captopril with a diuretic controlled blood pressure long-term in every case of previously resistant hypertension. 5. Within 2 h, captopril induced highly significant falls in arterial pressure, in plasma angiotensin II and aldosterone, with converse increases in plasma active and total renin and blood angiotensin I. 6. The initial fall in plasma angiotensin II was closely related to the concomitant fall in diastolic pressure. 7. The pattern of change in circulating renin, angiotensins I and II and aldosterone was maintained during long-term therapy, whether or not a diuretic was added. There was no tendency for plasma angiotensin II to increase despite sustained elevation of active renin and angiotensin I.

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“…About 20-30% of total body Na + is non-exchangeable, residing in anhydrous bone matrix. 72, 73, 21, 74 Total body K + diametrically mirrors Na + with about 95% located intracellularly (Table 2). Unlike Na + , however, over 90% of body K + is exchangeable.…”

Section: Cell Volume Homeostasis and Body Na+ And K+ Distributionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Body Fluid Dynamics

Bhave

Neilson²

2011

Journal of the American Society of Nephrology

152

166

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Pioneering investigations conducted over a half century ago on tonicity, transcapillary fluid exchange, and the distribution of water and solute serve as a foundation for understanding the physiology of body fluid spaces. With passage of time, however, some of these concepts have lost their connectivity to more contemporary information. Here we examine the physical forces determining the compartmentalization of body fluid and its movement across capillary and cell membrane barriers, drawing particular attention to the interstitium operating as a dynamic interface for water and solute distribution rather than as a static reservoir. Newer work now supports an evolving model of body fluid dynamics that integrates exchangeable Na+ stores and transcapillary dynamics with advances in interstitial matrix biology.

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Concurrent Estimation of Total Body and Exchangeable Body Sodium in Hypertension

Cited by 20 publications

References 8 publications

Captopril in heart failure. A double blind controlled trial.

Captopril in heart failure. A double blind controlled trial.

Captopril in Hypertension with Renal Artery Stenosis and in Intractable Hypertension; Acute and Chronic Changes in Circulating Concentrations of Renin, Angiotensins I and II and Aldosterone, and in Body Composition

Body Fluid Dynamics

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