Concurrent speed endurance and resistance training improves performance, running economy, and muscle NHE1 in moderately trained runners

Skovgaard, Casper; Christensen, Peter M.; Larsen, Sonni; Andersen, Tavs Folmer; Thomassen, Martin; Bangsbo, Jens

doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.01226.2013

Cited by 60 publications

(94 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…Computation of YYIR2 test global means, SDs and quantiles (Figure 3) involved 116 studies/subgroups reporting on 2,478 participants (median age = 23.2 years, IQR = 20.7–26.0 years) (Young et al, 2005; De Souza et al, 2006; Krustrup et al, 2006; Thomas et al, 2006; Mohr et al, 2007, 2016; Iaia et al, 2008, 2015, 2017; Morton et al, 2009; Rampinini et al, 2010; Rebelo et al, 2010; Thomassen et al, 2010; Christensen et al, 2011; Chuman et al, 2011; Mooney et al, 2011, 2013a,b; Roberts et al, 2011; Ueda et al, 2011; Gunnarsson et al, 2012; Ingebrigtsen et al, 2012, 2013, 2014; Nakamura et al, 2012; Saunders et al, 2012; Wells et al, 2012, 2014; Bassini et al, 2013; Buchheit et al, 2013; McGawley and Andersson, 2013; Mohr and Krustrup, 2013, 2014, 2016; Owen et al, 2013; Pivovarniček et al, 2013; Yuki et al, 2013; Fanchini et al, 2014; Karavelioglu et al, 2014; Lollo et al, 2014; Miloski et al, 2014; Nunes et al, 2014; Sampaio et al, 2014; Skovgaard et al, 2014; Brocherie et al, 2015a,b; Cholewa et al, 2015; Coelho et al, 2015; Gatterer et al, 2015; Hogarth et al, 2015a,b; Jamurtas et al, 2015; Krustrup and Mohr, 2015; Leme et al, 2015; Mara et al, 2015; Matta et al, 2015; McLean et al, 2015; Michalsik et al, 2015; Mohr, 2015; Rogan, 2015; Stein et al, 2015; Boer and Van Aswegen, 2016; Bouaziz et al, 2016; Chan et al, 2016; Inness et al, 2016; Joo, 2016; Kilit and Arslan, 2016; Lockie et al, 2016a,b,...…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Yo-Yo Intermittent Tests: A Systematic Review and Structured Compendium of Test Results

Schmitz¹,

Pfeifer²,

Kreitz³

et al. 2018

Front. Physiol.

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Background: Although Yo-Yo intermittent tests are frequently used in a variety of sports and research studies to determine physical fitness, no structured reference exists for comparison and rating of test results. This systematic review of the most common Yo-Yo tests aimed to provide reference values for test results by statistical aggregation of published data.Methods: A systematic literature search for articles published until August 2017 was performed in MEDLINE, Web of Science, SPORTDiscus and Google Scholar. Original reports on healthy females and males ≥16 years were eligible for the analysis. Sub-maximal test versions and the Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Level 1 Children's test (YYIR1C) were not included.Results: 248 studies with 9,440 participants were included in the structured analysis. The Yo-Yo test types most frequently used were the Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Level 1 (YYIR1, 57.7%), the Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Level 2 (YYIR2, 28.0%), the Yo-Yo Intermittent Endurance Level 2 (YYIE2, 11.4%), and the Yo-Yo Intermittent Endurance Level 1 (YYIE1, 2.9%) test. For each separate test, reference values (global means and percentiles) for sports at different levels and both genders were calculated.Conclusions: Our analysis provides evidence that Yo-Yo intermittent tests reference values differ with respect to the type and level of sport performed.The presented results may be used by practitioners, trainers and athletes to rate Yo-Yo intermittent test performance levels and monitor training effects.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Yo-Yo Intermittent Tests: A Systematic Review and Structured Compendium of Test Results

Schmitz¹,

Pfeifer²,

Kreitz³

et al. 2018

Front. Physiol.

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“…), which has been found together with lowered SERCA1 expression (Skovgaard et al. ) and improved running economy. Muscle fibers with high SERCA1 expression have a faster release and uptake of Ca 2+ (Delbono and Meissner ; Froemming et al.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 82%

“…; Iaia and Bangsbo ; Skovgaard et al. ). In the ST glycogen‐depleted condition, where a higher recruitment of FT fibers would be expected, the running economy remained unchanged with training, suggesting that it was mainly changes in ST fibers that caused the improvement in running economy in the normal condition.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of speed endurance training and reduced training volume on running economy and single muscle fiber adaptations in trained runners

et al. 2018

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The aim of the present study was to examine whether improved running economy with a period of speed endurance training and reduced training volume could be related to adaptations in specific muscle fibers. Twenty trained male (n = 14) and female (n = 6) runners (maximum oxygen consumption (VO2‐max): 56.4 ± 4.6 mL/min/kg) completed a 40‐day intervention with 10 sessions of speed endurance training (5–10 × 30‐sec maximal running) and a reduced (36%) volume of training. Before and after the intervention, a muscle biopsy was obtained at rest, and an incremental running test to exhaustion was performed. In addition, running at 60% vVO 2‐max, and a 10‐km run was performed in a normal and a muscle slow twitch (ST) glycogen‐depleted condition. After compared to before the intervention, expression of mitochondrial uncoupling protein 3 (UCP3) was lower (P < 0.05) and dystrophin was higher (P < 0.05) in ST muscle fibers, and sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase 1 (SERCA1) was lower (P < 0.05) in fast twitch muscle fibers. Running economy at 60% vVO 2‐max (11.6 ± 0.2 km/h) and at v10‐km (13.7 ± 0.3 km/h) was ~2% better (P < 0.05) after the intervention in the normal condition, but unchanged in the ST glycogen‐depleted condition. Ten kilometer performance was improved (P < 0.01) by 3.2% (43.7 ± 1.0 vs. 45.2 ± 1.2 min) and 3.9% (45.8 ± 1.2 vs. 47.7 ± 1.3 min) in the normal and the ST glycogen‐depleted condition, respectively. VO 2‐max was the same, but vVO 2‐max was 2.0% higher (P < 0.05; 19.3 ± 0.3 vs. 18.9 ± 0.3 km/h) after than before the intervention. Thus, improved running economy with intense training may be related to changes in expression of proteins linked to energy consuming processes in primarily ST muscle fibers.

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“…) and concurrent speed endurance and heavy resistance training with a basic volume of aerobic training led to better 10‐km performance in a group of moderately trained runners (Skovgaard et al. ). Collectively, these studies suggest that endurance performance does improve, but a net synthesis of muscle oxidative enzymes may not occur with speed endurance training, despite an elevated level of muscle PGC‐1 α mRNA in response to a single bout of speed endurance exercise.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combined speed endurance and endurance exercise amplify the exercise‐induced PGC‐1α and PDK4 mRNA response in trained human muscle

Skovgaard

Brandt

Pilegaard

et al. 2016

Physiological Reports

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The aim of this study was to investigate the mRNA response related to mitochondrial biogenesis, metabolism, angiogenesis, and myogenesis in trained human skeletal muscle to speed endurance exercise (S), endurance exercise (E), and speed endurance followed by endurance exercise (S + E). Seventeen trained male subjects (maximum oxygen uptake (VO2‐max): 57.2 ± 3.7 (mean ± SD) mL·min−1·kg−1) performed S (6 × 30 sec all‐out), E (60 min ~60% VO2‐max), and S + E on a cycle ergometer on separate occasions. Muscle biopsies were obtained at rest and 1, 2, and 3 h after the speed endurance exercise (S and S + E) and at rest, 0, 1, and 2 h after exercise in E. In S and S + E, muscle peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor‐γ coactivator‐1 (PGC‐1α) and pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase‐4 (PDK4) mRNA were higher (P < 0.05) 2 and 3 h after speed endurance exercise than at rest. Muscle PGC‐1α and PDK4 mRNA levels were higher (P < 0.05) after exercise in S + E than in S and E, and higher (P < 0.05) in S than in E after exercise. In S and S + E, muscle vascular endothelial growth factor mRNA was higher (P < 0.05) 1 (S only), 2 and 3 h after speed endurance exercise than at rest. In S + E, muscle regulatory factor‐4 and muscle heme oxygenase‐1 mRNA were higher (P < 0.05) 1, 2, and 3 h after speed endurance exercise than at rest. In S, muscle hexokinase II mRNA was higher (P < 0.05) 2 and 3 h after speed endurance exercise than at rest and higher (P < 0.05) than in E after exercise. These findings suggest that in trained subjects, speed endurance exercise provides a stimulus for muscle mitochondrial biogenesis, substrate regulation, and angiogenesis that is not evident with endurance exercise. These responses are reinforced when speed endurance exercise is followed by endurance exercise.

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Concurrent speed endurance and resistance training improves performance, running economy, and muscle NHE1 in moderately trained runners

Cited by 60 publications

References 62 publications

The Yo-Yo Intermittent Tests: A Systematic Review and Structured Compendium of Test Results

The Yo-Yo Intermittent Tests: A Systematic Review and Structured Compendium of Test Results

Effect of speed endurance training and reduced training volume on running economy and single muscle fiber adaptations in trained runners

Combined speed endurance and endurance exercise amplify the exercise‐induced PGC‐1α and PDK4 mRNA response in trained human muscle

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