Condensed Phase Behavior in the Combustion of Ammonium Dinitramide

Abstract

This paper reports on the thermal and combustion behaviors of ammonium dinitramide (ADN). The thermal behavior is measured by a pressure thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) at pressures below 8 MPa. The burning rates of pure ADN and ADN/ammonium nitrate (AN) mixtures are measured in the range 0.2-12 MPa, and the burning temperature profiles are obtained using thermocouples with diameters of 5 and 25 mm. This report mainly focuses on the condensed-phase behavior in the vicinity of a burning sur-face. The temperature profiles are complicated because the ADN decomposition and AN dissociation compete during the condensed phase, and the bubbles of the decomposition gas and gas-phase flame also affect the surface temperature. AN addition helps to understand the effects of AN during the condensed phase, and it was shown that the burning temperature rises to the critical temperature of AN. Based on these experimental results, the pressure dependency of the burning rates is also discussed.

Characterization of Continuous‐Wave Laser Heating Ignition of Ammonium Dinitramide‐Based Ionic Liquids with Carbon Fibers

“…Fujisato et al . clarified that the decomposition of ADN and the dissociation of AN proceed on the condensed phase of ADN combustion to generate bubbles of gaseous decomposition products . For ADN‐EILPs, bubbles were observed on the combustion surface during strand burner tests .…”

“…The inefficient heating of AMU631 at I CW = 5.70 W was explained considering the condensed phase reactions of highly energetic materials (HEMs) such as hydroxylammonium nitrate (HAN) and ADN [10][11][12][13][14][15].…”

“…In the case of ADN combustion, Thakre mentioned that ammonia, nitric acid, and nitrous oxide generated by initial decomposition appear as bubbles between the solid and gas/liquid surfaces [12]. Fujisato et al clarified that the decomposition of ADN and the dissociation of AN proceed on the condensed phase of ADN combustion to generate bubbles of gaseous decomposition products [13]. For ADN-EILPs, bubbles were observed on the combustion surface during strand burner tests [14,15].…”

Research progress on the catalytic and thermal decomposition of ammonium dinitramide (ADN)

“…Unlike the gas-phase decomposition mechanism, ADN in the solid-state or molten-state decomposes directly without sublimation, following the condensed-phase decomposition mechanism. [63][64][65] The detailed decomposition steps are shown in eqn ( 5)-( 14). Similarly, this mechanism also includes two competitive pathways.…”

Kinetics Analysis of the Initial Decomposition Reaction of Ammonium Dinitramide

“…4,5) Over the past four decades, significant research has been conducted to gain an understanding of the combustion wave structure and burning rate characteristics of ADN. Extensive experimental studies [6][7][8] and theoretical modeling [9][10][11] have been reported over a broad range of operating conditions. Recently, there have been some studies concerning the gas phase reactions and flame structure during ADN combustion, based on elemental reaction mechanism models in the gas phase.…”