Condition assessment of concrete and glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) rebar after 18 years of service life

Ramanathan, Sivakumar; Benzecry, Vanessa; Suraneni, Prannoy; Nanni, Antonio

doi:10.1016/j.cscm.2021.e00494

Cited by 24 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…In these conditions, they predicted tensile strength losses of only 20% and 25% after, respectively, 100 and 200 years at a reference temperature of 6 °C. This trend is more in line with field investigations conducted on real structures, which do not report significant degradation of the GFRP rebars after 5 to 20 years of service [ 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 ].…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 89%

“…Robert et al [11], who investigated the aging behavior of similar GFRP rebars in moist concrete at 20 • C, 40 • C and 50 • C for periods of up to 8 months, also proposed long-term extrapolation based on the Arrhenius approach. In these conditions, they predicted tensile strength losses of only 20% and 25% after, respectively, 100 and 200 years at a reference temperature of 6 • C. This trend is more in line with field investigations conducted on real structures, which do not report significant degradation of the GFRP rebars after 5 to 20 years of service [26][27][28][29][30][31].…”

Section: Long-term Prediction Based On the Arrhenius Approachsupporting

confidence: 73%

“…For instance, Chen et al reported strength losses up to 80% in the case of GFRP rebars aged for 240 days in a solution of pH 12.7 at a temperature of 60 °C [ 3 ]. However, this accelerated aging condition can be considered an excessively harsh environment for GFRP rebars, since field investigations report only minor degradations on GFRP reinforcements extracted from real RC structures after service periods of 5 to 20 years [ 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 ]. Besides, the type of polymer matrix was also found to have a large influence on the durability of GFRP rebars under direct immersion [ 12 , 32 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Accelerated Aging Behavior in Alkaline Environments of GFRP Reinforcing Bars and Their Bond with Concrete

et al. 2021

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This study investigates the durability of glass fiber-reinforced polymer (GFRP) reinforcing bars (rebars) and their bond in concrete. Accelerated aging tests were first conducted on bare rebars that were either subjected to direct immersion in an alkaline solution or previously embedded in concrete before immersion in the solution (indirect immersion). Accelerated aging was conducted at different temperatures of the solution (20 °C, 40 °C and 60 °C) and for various periods up to 240 days. Residual tensile properties were determined for rebars subjected to direct immersion and served as input data of a predictive Arrhenius model. A large decrease in the residual tensile strength assigned to the alkali-attack of glass fibers was extrapolated in the long term, suggesting that direct immersion is very severe compared to actual service conditions. Short-beam tests were also performed on rebars conditioned under direct/indirect immersion conditions, but did not reveal any significant evolution of the interlaminar shear strength (ILSS). In a second part, bond tests were performed on pull-out specimens after immersion in the alkaline solution at different temperatures, in order to assess possible changes in the concrete/GFRP bond properties over aging. Results showed antagonistic effects, with an initial increase in bond strength assigned to a confinement effect of the rebar resulting from changes in the concrete properties over aging, followed by a decreasing trend possibly resulting from interfacial degradation. Complementary characterizations by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy were also carried out to evaluate the effects of aging on the physical/microstructural properties of GFRPs.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Long-term Prediction Based On the Arrhenius Approachsupporting

confidence: 73%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Accelerated Aging Behavior in Alkaline Environments of GFRP Reinforcing Bars and Their Bond with Concrete

et al. 2021

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“…Impressive progress has been made in the construction industry since the introduction of the reinforced concrete. In most reinforced concrete constructions, concrete is strengthened with the bars made of different materials [5][6][7][8][9][10][11]. Plain concrete without additional reinforcement is frangible.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Investigation and Modelling of the Layered Concrete with Different Concentration of Short Fibers in the Layers

Lūsis

Kononova

Mačanovskis

et al. 2021

Fibers

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The use of steel fiber reinforced concrete (SFRC) in structures with high physical-mechanical characteristics allows engineers to reduce the weight and costs of the structures, to simplify the technology of their production, to reduce or completely eliminate the manual labor needed for reinforcement, at the same time increasing reliability and durability. Commonly accepted technology is exploiting randomly distributed in the concrete volume fibers with random each fiber orientation. In structural members subjected to bending, major loads are bearing fibers located close to outer member surfaces. The majority of fibers are slightly loaded. The aim of the present research is to create an SFRC construction with non-homogeneously distributed fibers. We prepared layered SFRC prismatic specimens. Each layer had different amount of short fibers. Specimens were tested by four point bending till the rupture. Material fracture process was modelled based on the single fiber pull-out test results. Modelling results were compared with the experimental curves for beams. Predictions generated by the model were validated by 4PBT of 100 × 100 × 400 mm prisms. Investigation had shown higher load-bearing capacity of layered concrete plates comparing with plate having homogeneously distributed the same amount of fibers. This mechanism is strongly dependent on fiber concentration. A high amount of fibers is leading to new failure mechanisms—pull-out of FRC blocks and decrease of load-bearing capacity. Fracture surface analysis was realized for broken prisms with the goal to analyze fracture process and to improve accuracy of the elaborated model. The general conclusion with regard to modelling results is that the agreement with experimental data is good, numeric modelling results successfully align with the experimental data. Modelling has indicated the existence of additional failure processes besides simple fiber pull-out, which could be expected when fiber concentration exceeds the critical value.

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“…In recent years, geopolymer solidification has been widely researched and has shown significant advantages in the solidification of heavy metal elements, mainly terms of energy saving and environmental protective effects, favorable physical and mechanical properties, high long-term stability, and low nuclide leaching rate (Guo, et al 2020;. Studies have shown that the incorporation of appropriate fiber materials can further improve the mechanical properties of the solidified body (Saloni, et al 2020;Ramanathan, et al 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical-mechanical Properties and Radon Exhalation of Fiber-reinforced Uranium Tailings Geopolymer Solidified Bodies

Jiang

Tan

Wang

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Uranium tailing ponds are a potential major source of radioactive pollution. Solidification treatment of uranium tailings can control the diffusion and migration of radioactive elements in uranium tailings to safeguard the surrounding ecological environment. Literature review and field investigation were conducted in this study prior to fabricating 11 solidified uranium tailings samples with different proportions with PVA fiber, basalt fiber, metakaolin, and fly ash. The samples’ pore structure, volume resistivity, compressive strength, and radon exhalation rate variations were analyzed. The pore size of the solidified samples is mainly between 1–50 nm, the pore volume is between 0.726–1.750 cm3/g, the volume resistivity is between 1411.33-1937.33 Ω·m, and the compressive strength is between 20.61–36.91 MPa. The radon exhalation rate is between 0.0397–0.0853 Bq·m2·s− 1, which is lower than the national standard. Based on a comprehensive analysis of the physical and mechanical properties and radon exhalation rate of the solidified samples, the basalt fiber is found to outperform PVA fiber overall. The solidification effect is optimal when the 0.6% basalt fiber is added.

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Condition assessment of concrete and glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) rebar after 18 years of service life

Cited by 24 publications

References 41 publications

Accelerated Aging Behavior in Alkaline Environments of GFRP Reinforcing Bars and Their Bond with Concrete

Accelerated Aging Behavior in Alkaline Environments of GFRP Reinforcing Bars and Their Bond with Concrete

Experimental Investigation and Modelling of the Layered Concrete with Different Concentration of Short Fibers in the Layers

Physical-mechanical Properties and Radon Exhalation of Fiber-reinforced Uranium Tailings Geopolymer Solidified Bodies

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