Condutividade elétrica e acidificação de águas usadas na aplicação de herbicidas no Rio Grande do Sul

Rheinheimer, Danilo dos Santos; Souza, Robson Oliveira de

doi:10.1590/s0103-84782000000100016

Cited by 9 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 11 publications

(5 reference statements)

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“…Previous analysis of water from ponds and streams from Rio Grande do Sul presented mean pHs similar to those found in the different regions of this study (Rheinheimer & Souza, 2000;Diel et al, 2007;König et al, 2008;Pimenta et al, 2012;Silva et al, 2012), but in water used for human consumption from artesian wells, from the north central region minimum pH values were down to 4.4 and the maximum up to 10.0 (Rheinheimer & Souza, 2000).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Freshwater parameters in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, southern Brazil, and their influence on fish distribution and aquaculture

et al. 2016

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This study analyzed the relationship between several water quality parameters (pH, hardness, alkalinity, turbidity, iron and manganese) levels measured over a 16 year period with fish distribution and aquaculture in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Southern Brazil. The mean pH values were within a neutral range (6.5-7.5), but the maximum and minimum values reached inappropriate levels for fish farming in some cities. Alkalinity levels were very low (except in the southwest region of the state), which may have contributed to pH variation. Hardness, turbidity, iron (except the region near Caçapava do Sul City) and manganese were within safe ranges for fish farming; however, turbidity levels occasionally increased to levels outside the safe range. In conclusion, the water quality in the Rio Grande do Sul, in general, can be considered adequate for aquaculture, but the fish farmers must be aware of the methods to reduce turbidity, such as the use of calcium sulfate.Este estudo analisou a relação entre vários parâmetros de qualidade da água (pH, dureza, alcalinidade, turbidez, ferro e manganês durante 16 anos) com a distribuição de peixes e piscicultura no estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. O pH ficou em média em uma faixa neutra (6,(5)(6)(7)5), mas valores máximos e mínimos atingiram níveis não apropriados para a piscicultura em algumas cidades. Os valores de alcalinidade foram baixos (exceto na região sudoeste do estado), o que poderia contribuir para oscilações no pH. Dureza, turbidez, ferro (exceto na região próxima à cidade de Caçapava do Sul) e manganês ficaram dentro de níveis aceitáveis para a piscicultura, mas a turbidez ocasionalmente elevou-se a níveis fora dessa faixa aceitável e os piscicultores devem ter algum mecanismo para reduzi-los. Em conclusão, de forma geral a qualidade da água do Rio Grande do Sul pode ser considerada adequada para a aquicultura, mas os piscicultores devem conhecer métodos para corrigir a turbidez, como a utilização de sulfato de cálcio.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Freshwater parameters in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, southern Brazil, and their influence on fish distribution and aquaculture

et al. 2016

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“…Electrical conductivity can be altered in insecticides according to spray formulation, which may reduce the biological efficacy of the chemical (RHEINHEIMER and SOUZA, 2000). Nevertheless, both the pH and electrical conductivity of mixtures remained similar to that of insecticides alone.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of insecticide and acaricide mixtures on Diaphorina citri control

et al. 2019

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Pesticide mixtures are commonly used to reduce production costs in agriculture. However, the consequences of such practice towards target organisms are still unknown in most cases. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of combinations of insecticides and one worldwide used acaricide on the control of Diaphorina citri (Asian citrus psyllid). All insecticides alone (lambda-cyhalothrin+thiamethoxam, phosmet, and imidacloprid) and in combination with spirodiclofen were efficient in controlling D. citri (> 80%). No significant effects were found for combinations of lambda-cyhalothrin+thiamethoxam and phosmet insecticides with spirodiclofen. Conversely, imidacloprid caused an antagonistic effect on the control of D. citri when mixed with the acaricide. After all, spirodiclofen had no effect on the pH and electrical conductivity of insecticidal spray solutions. Spirodiclofen mixtures with lambda-cyhalothrin+thiamethoxam and phosmet had no effect on D. citri control, but combinations with imidacloprid interfered with it.

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“…The vehicle generally exhibited an acidic pH value; some herbicides with low pKa reduce the pH of the solution and are therefore highly efficient. In addition, the lower pH is associated with a lower rate of hydrolysis and maintains moisture for longer periods (Rheinheimer and Souza, 2000). The current vehicle for the application of the herbicide Togar is diesel oil, which has a pH value of 4.36.…”

Section: Preparation Of Emulsions Characterization and Stability Testsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The conductivity is a factor that must be taken into account during the formulation of a vehicle to apply herbicides, since the amount of ions present in the solution interferes with the herbicide molecules, which can result in the formation of insoluble compounds and decrease its efficiency. Carlson and Burnside (1984) and Rheinheimer and Souza (2000) examined the influence of high conductivity for vehicle herbicide application, and found that large amounts of ions may decrease the efficiency of herbicides and decrease the amount of active ingredient available for the reaction of 2,4-D ions Ca +2 and Mg +2 and the chelation of these ions by the herbicide glyphosate.…”

Section: Preparation Of Emulsions Characterization and Stability Testsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A new vehicle for herbicide application using crude glycerin, a by-product of biodiesel production

Arruda¹,

Silva²,

Arruda³

et al. 2015

Afr. J. Biotechnol.

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The supply of glycerin derived from the pre-purification of biodiesel has increased considerably in Brazil, making it necessary to identify economic and environmentally friendly applications for this byproduct. This work aimed to develop oil-in-water (O/W) emulsions using crude glycerin treated with H 3 PO 4 for use as a vehicle for the application the herbicide Togar. The work was conducted in the laboratory of Marlebologia at the Federal University of Tocantins, Gurupi Campus. The preliminary emulsions were subjected to stability testing, and those that remained stable were diluted with the herbicide Togar (8% v v-1) and characterized with respect to pH, conductivity, viscosity, density and surface tension. The crude glycerin was used to develop five stable emulsions with promising physicochemical characteristics for use as vehicle for herbicide application. The conductivity and viscosity of the emulsions were high compared to diesel.

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Condutividade elétrica e acidificação de águas usadas na aplicação de herbicidas no Rio Grande do Sul

Cited by 9 publications

References 11 publications

Freshwater parameters in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, southern Brazil, and their influence on fish distribution and aquaculture

Freshwater parameters in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, southern Brazil, and their influence on fish distribution and aquaculture

Effects of insecticide and acaricide mixtures on Diaphorina citri control

A new vehicle for herbicide application using crude glycerin, a by-product of biodiesel production

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