“…Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) technology, which uses the modern equipment of an x-ray source and a flat-panel detector (FPD), is widely used due to its small machine size, large field of view (FOV), and low radiation dose [1][2][3]. Most of this technology is applied for diagnosis and treatment planning, such as dental, maxillofacial, orthopaedic, and breast-cancer specimen imaging [4,5]. The quality of images reconstructed from CBCT is often deteriorated by many causes, such as X-ray scattering, beam hardening, metal artifact, and truncation artifact [4,[6][7][8][9][10][11].…”