Cone–rod receptor spaces with illustrations that use CRT phosphor and light-emitting-diode spectra

Shapiro, Arthur; Pokorny, Joel; Smith, Vivianne C.

doi:10.1364/josaa.13.002319

Cited by 117 publications

(128 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Today, the method is commonly used in human electrophysiology and psychophysics (Bessler et al 2010;Kremers et al 1999Kremers et al , 2003Shapiro et al 1996;Usui et al 1998aUsui et al , 1998bZele et al 2006). This method has several advantages relative to the selective adaptation method, because the isolation of different photoreceptor types can be achieved without changing the state of adaptation.…”

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confidence: 99%

Rod- and cone-driven responses in mice expressing human L-cone pigment

Tsai

Atorf

Neitz

et al. 2015

Journal of Neurophysiology

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Tsai TI, Atorf J, Neitz M, Neitz J, Kremers J. Rod-and cone-driven responses in mice expressing human L-cone pigment. J Neurophysiol 114: 2230 -2241, 2015. First published August 5, 2015 doi:10.1152/jn.00188.2015.-The mouse is commonly used for studying retinal processing, primarily because it is amenable to genetic manipulation. To accurately study photoreceptor driven signals in the healthy and diseased retina, it is of great importance to isolate the responses of single photoreceptor types. This is not easily achieved in mice because of the strong overlap of rod and M-cone absorption spectra (i.e., maxima at 498 and 508 nm, respectively). With a newly developed mouse model (Opn1lw LIAIS ) expressing a variant of the human L-cone pigment (561 nm) instead of the mouse M-opsin, the absorption spectra are substantially separated, allowing retinal physiology to be studied using silent substitution stimuli. Unlike conventional chromatic isolation methods, this spectral compensation approach can isolate single photoreceptor subtypes without changing the retinal adaptation. We measured flicker electroretinograms in these mutants under ketamine-xylazine sedation with double silent substitution (silent S-cone and either rod or M/L-cones) and obtained robust responses for both rods and (L-)cones. Small signals were yielded in wild-type mice, whereas heterozygotes exhibited responses that were generally intermediate to both. Fundamental response amplitudes and phase behaviors (as a function of temporal frequency) in all genotypes were largely similar. Surprisingly, isolated (L-)cone and rod response properties in the mutant strain were alike. Thus the LIAIS mouse warrants a more comprehensive in vivo assessment of photoreceptor subtype-specific physiology, because it overcomes the hindrance of overlapping spectral sensitivities present in the normal mouse. keywords electrophysiology; mouse; photoreceptors; silent substitution IN RECENT YEARS, THE MOUSE has been the mainstay model for studying the physiology of the retina and retinal diseases. In vivo studies of retinal electrophysiology can be achieved by electroretinography (ERG). This method is noninvasive and enables repeated measurements from the same animal. Recent developments in ERG recordings in humans have shown that ERGs not have only a clinical value but also may give information on information processing in major retinogeniculate pathways with relevance for basic visual neuroscience (Kremers and Link 2008;Kremers et al. 2010;Parry et al. 2012). This relevance was recently confirmed for the mouse (Allen et al. 2014). To be able to study retinal signal processing and its disease-related changes, it is of great importance to isolate the responses of single photoreceptor types and record the signals that each elicits downstream. Also, in other studies of the retinal physiology, isolation of photoreceptor responses may lead to a better understanding of the information processing in the retina and for associated visual functions (Brown et al. 2010(Brown et al. , 2...

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confidence: 99%

Rod- and cone-driven responses in mice expressing human L-cone pigment

Tsai

Atorf

Neitz

et al. 2015

Journal of Neurophysiology

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“…When plotting the functions of Eqs. (6) and (7), the former matching the x function (see Fig. 6), it is apparent that the two functions differ in a slight redistribution of weight between the two lobes, the redistribution required to eliminate the curvature of bluish and yellowish colors in an a, b diagram based on Eq.…”

Section: And Z Expressed In the Lms Systemmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Cone functions for the 10°observer have been proposed by Stockman, MacLeod, and Johnson as well as by Shapiro, Pokorny, and Smith. 6 Shapiro et al applied the original Smith-Pokorny transformation formula to the 10°observer data. The same has been done for the purposes of this article, except that also here the adjustments discussed under the 2°observer have been applied.…”

Section: Cie 10°observermentioning

confidence: 99%

Uniform color space modeled with cone responses

Kuehni¹

2000

Color Res. Appl.

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“…www.intechopen.com Shapiro et al, 1996). It was used to create stimuli for psychophysical experiments (Zele et al, 2006) and for single cell recordings (e.g.…”

Section: Cone Isolating Stimulimentioning

confidence: 99%

Signal Pathways in the Electroretinogram

Kremers¹

2011

Electroretinograms

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Cone–rod receptor spaces with illustrations that use CRT phosphor and light-emitting-diode spectra

Cited by 117 publications

References 18 publications

Rod- and cone-driven responses in mice expressing human L-cone pigment

Rod- and cone-driven responses in mice expressing human L-cone pigment

Uniform color space modeled with cone responses

Signal Pathways in the Electroretinogram

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