Cone synapses in macaque fovea: I. Two types of non-S cones are distinguished by numbers of contacts with OFF midget bipolar cells

Schein, Stan; Ngo, Ivy Tran; Huang, Teresa M.; Klug, Karl; Sterling, Peter; Herr, Steve

doi:10.1017/s0952523810000477

Cited by 4 publications

(12 citation statements)

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“…Like the S-OFF midget bipolar cells, each L/M-OFF midget bipolar cell provided the sole input to an OFF midget RGC. Ribbon synapse counts have been reported to divide L/M-OFF midget bipolar cells into two populations, referred to as "sparsely" and "densely" branching, which presumably correspond to L-and M-cones 7,8 (but see Schein et al 62 ). The L/M-OFF midget bipolar cells in our study made an average of 39 or 51 ribbon synapses, with the sparsely branching group comparable to the S-OFF midget bipolar cells ( Figure 3G).…”

Section: S-cone Circuits Of the Outer Retinamentioning

confidence: 99%

An S-cone circuit for edge detection in the primate retina

Patterson

Kuchenbecker

Anderson

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Midget retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) are the most common RGC type in the primate retina. Their responses mediate both color and spatial vision, yet the specific links between midget RGC responses and visual perception are unclear. Previous research on the dual roles of midget RGCs has focused on those comparing long (L) vs. middle (M) wavelength sensitive cones. However, there is evidence for several other rare midget RGC subtypes receiving S-cone input, but their role in color and spatial vision is uncertain. Here, we confirm the existence of the single S-cone center OFF midget RGC circuit in the central retina of macaque monkey both structurally and functionally, by combining single cell electrophysiology with 3D electron microscopy reconstructions of the upstream circuitry. Like the well-studied L vs. M midget RGCs, the S-OFF midget RGCs have a centersurround receptive field consistent with a role in spatial vision. While spectral opponency in a primate RGC is classically assumed to contribute to hue perception, a role supporting edge detection is more consistent with the S-OFF midget RGC receptive field structure and studies of hue perception.

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Section: S-cone Circuits Of the Outer Retinamentioning

confidence: 99%

An S-cone circuit for edge detection in the primate retina

Patterson

Kuchenbecker

Anderson

et al. 2019

Preprint

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“…These cone/OFF midget bipolar cell circuits appeared to be in two groups of eight, one group including #25 with large numbers of basal contacts and of Outer Densities, the other group including #17 with small numbers (Schein et al, 2011). Here, we report that the numbers of Inner Densities fall into the same two groups (Fig.…”

Section: Numbers Of Inner Densities For Two Groups Of Non-s-cone Off mentioning

confidence: 46%

“…Fig. 1 of Schein et al (2011) shows the locations of non-S-cone terminals #17 and #25, the foci of several figures in this paper, and S-cone terminal #35, for which some data are reported here.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…7 of Schein et al, 2011). The diffusion path therefore follows the basal surface, toward the Outer Density within the basal contact.…”

Section: Paths and Distances To Outer And Inner Densitiesmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…8A of Klug et al, 2003; fig. 7 of Schein et al, 2011), and only some central elements are adjacent to exactly two triad-associated basal contacts provided by an OFF midget bipolar cell (Schein et al, 2011). Each basal contact may contain more than one Outer Density, and when added to the number of Inner Densities-approximately equal to the number of Outer Densities-the total number of densities is~100 or~140 (Fig.…”

Section: Inner Densities May Represent Clusters Of Glutamate Receptorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cone synapses in macaque fovea: II. Dendrites of OFF midget bipolar cells exhibit Inner Densities similar to their Outer synaptic Densities in basal contacts with cone terminals

et al. 2011

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As described in the companion paper, the synaptic terminal of a cone photoreceptor in macaque monkey makes an average of 35 or 46 basal contacts with the tips of the dendrites of its OFF midget bipolar cell. Each basal contact has one or more symmetrically thickened dense regions. These "Outer Densities," averaging 48 or 67 in number, harbor clusters of ionotropic glutamate receptors and are ~0.8 μm (and ~1-ms diffusion time) from active zones associated with synaptic ribbons. Here, we show similarly appearing "Inner Densities," averaging 53 or 74 in number, located more proximally on the dendrites of these OFF midget bipolar cells, ~0.4 μm inward from the tips of the dendrites and out of contact with the basal surface of the cone terminal. Compared to desmosome-like junctions, Inner Densities are closer to the terminal and are less dense and less thick. Each Inner Density is shared with another cell, the partners including diffuse bipolar cells, ON midget bipolar cells, and horizontal cells. Given the diversity of the partners, the OFF midget bipolar cells are unlikely to be in a synaptic relationship with the partners. Instead, Inner Densities are near enough to the active zones associated with synaptic ribbons to receive pulses of glutamate at concentrations effective for glutamate receptors. The role of Inner Densities is not known, but they might represent additional clusters of glutamate receptors.

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