“…Previous studies have viewed rotating serus as a black box, as seen in the works of Gai et al (2022), Liu et al (2022), Zhan et al (2023), Zhang, Song, Gong, et al (2022a, 2022b), Zhang, Wang, Song, et al (2022), Zhang, Song, Huang, et al (2022), and Li et al (2023). This study is the first to open the black box by analyzing the inside mechanisms of rotating serus .…”