“…Nonetheless, Caucasian American users were repeatedly found to avoid movies with mainly African American casts (Grier, Brumbaugh, & Thornton, ; Weaver, ). These findings were supported by survey evidence (Ward, Day, & Thomas, ) and comparable findings in other social groups (Harwood, ; Trepte & Krämer, ). We, therefore, expect that: H1: Respondents show a group‐related selection bias (i.e., they prefer ingroup‐rich and/or avoid outgroup‐rich media).…”
Section: Social Identity As a Factor In Media Selectionsupporting
confidence: 78%
“…Empirical research is scarce on the question of to what degree the diversity of a person's personal networks is related to the composition of the person's media diet. In one notable exception, Ward et al () found that a higher number of African American friends was related to a higher consumption of African American‐oriented TV programs and a stronger identification with hip hop artists among Caucasian Americans. The effects of interpersonal networks on general media preferences have also found comparatively little attention, and recent studies using elaborate network analysis have remained inconclusive (Friemel, ).…”
Section: Social Identity As a Factor In Media Selectionmentioning
Researchers have started to demonstrate that media exposure to outgroups can reduce prejudice. However, in contexts of segregation a bias to select ingroup-rich media might hinder exposure and prevent those positive effects. We conducted a survey study (n = 1,095) in South Africa, a context with a notorious history of racial separation and persisting informal segregation. In accordance with the social identity gratification approach and social cognitive theory, respondents showed group-related selection biases. Respondents who identified more strongly with their ingroup, who perceived more distance towards outgroups, and who had less direct contact showed stronger biases. The findings remind us that those who would potentially benefit the most from outgroup exposure might also be those who are least likely to be exposed.
“…Nonetheless, Caucasian American users were repeatedly found to avoid movies with mainly African American casts (Grier, Brumbaugh, & Thornton, ; Weaver, ). These findings were supported by survey evidence (Ward, Day, & Thomas, ) and comparable findings in other social groups (Harwood, ; Trepte & Krämer, ). We, therefore, expect that: H1: Respondents show a group‐related selection bias (i.e., they prefer ingroup‐rich and/or avoid outgroup‐rich media).…”
Section: Social Identity As a Factor In Media Selectionsupporting
confidence: 78%
“…Empirical research is scarce on the question of to what degree the diversity of a person's personal networks is related to the composition of the person's media diet. In one notable exception, Ward et al () found that a higher number of African American friends was related to a higher consumption of African American‐oriented TV programs and a stronger identification with hip hop artists among Caucasian Americans. The effects of interpersonal networks on general media preferences have also found comparatively little attention, and recent studies using elaborate network analysis have remained inconclusive (Friemel, ).…”
Section: Social Identity As a Factor In Media Selectionmentioning
Researchers have started to demonstrate that media exposure to outgroups can reduce prejudice. However, in contexts of segregation a bias to select ingroup-rich media might hinder exposure and prevent those positive effects. We conducted a survey study (n = 1,095) in South Africa, a context with a notorious history of racial separation and persisting informal segregation. In accordance with the social identity gratification approach and social cognitive theory, respondents showed group-related selection biases. Respondents who identified more strongly with their ingroup, who perceived more distance towards outgroups, and who had less direct contact showed stronger biases. The findings remind us that those who would potentially benefit the most from outgroup exposure might also be those who are least likely to be exposed.
“…Because the TV Realism and Music Video Realism scores were highly correlated, r (387) = .47, p < .000, and produced similar results in the analyses, they were combined via z scores to create one Perceived TV Realism variable. These scales have all been used successfully with a sample of Black students (Ward, Day, & Thomas, 2010).…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…A sample item is “I have a strong sense of belonging to my own ethnic group.” A mean score was computed across the items (α = .88), such that higher scores indicated greater affirmation and sense of belonging to one’s ethnic group. The MEIM has been used in samples of Black students (Schooler, Ward, Merriwether, & Caruthers, 2004; Ward et al, 2010).…”
Although the media are believed to be instrumental in transmitting messages about both traditional femininity and Black femininity to Black youth, there is little empirical evidence documenting this process. Accordingly, this study investigated media contributions to Black college students’ endorsement of both traditional gender ideologies and of the Jezebel, Sapphire, and Strong Black woman stereotypes about Black women. The protective nature of ethnic identity was also examined. Participants ( N = 404) completed measures assessing media consumption and involvement, endorsement of traditional gender ideologies and stereotypes about Black women, and ethnic identity. Regression analyses revealed support for our hypotheses, with consumption of music videos, movies, and perceived realism contributing most strongly to students’ endorsement of traditional gender ideologies and stereotypes about Black women. However, students with a strong sense of ethnic belonging were buffered from many of the negative influences of media use on these gender beliefs. The findings highlight the importance of considering culture-specific ideologies when examining links between Black students’ media use and gender beliefs.
“…This survey was based on numerous content analyses that revealed frequent portrayals of drug usage on television (Morgan & Shanahan, 2010). Conversely, some studies suggest that young audiences are rejecting messages found in mainstream media because they contradict with their own realities (Ward, Day, & Thomas, 2010). This study attempted to show that children are not just passive receivers of messages in animated film; rather that they are interpreting the films based on the lenses of gender.…”
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