Confucius and Aristotle on the Goods of Friendship

Mullis, Eric

doi:10.1007/s11712-010-9185-y

Cited by 28 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…For westerners, they conclude, friendship ties are more strongly linked to the development of affect-based trust than in Chinese cultures, where good will and loyalty are emphasised, as are feelings of indebtedness to acts of kindness and gratitude to family members and teachers. Mullis (2010) also points to how the Confucian emphasis on family and hierarchic relationships leads to less emphasis being placed on the importance of symmetrical friendships in Chinese culture and to moral goodness being seen as a key foundational principle to guide such friendly relationships.…”

Section: Discussion Of Findings: Comparing Cultural Discourses Of Frimentioning

confidence: 99%

Navigating the boundaries of cultural difference through participatory drama

Winston

Lin

2015

Research in Drama Education: The Journal of Applied Theatre and

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This article presents a summary of a research project conducted in the UK and Taiwan, examining how two groups of primary aged children responded to the same set of drama lessons designed around a traditional Chinese story, The Water Ghost (in Chinese, 水鬼). The authors summarise both the story and their research methodology before outlining the theoretical perspectives that frame a selective analysis of their findings. These relate to literature on globalisation, in particular to ideas of 'glocalisation', the navigation of boundaries and the ethics of cosmopolitanism. The pull between forces of universalisation and localisation is of particular significance in the subsequent analysis, which includes a selection of visual representational material provided by both groups and a critique of the ideas of friendship that were expressed as part of the drama work. Here, although many similarities are noted between the two groups of children, the authors point to some significant differences that they tentatively speculate can be traced to deeply rooted cultural traditions. The article also illustrates drama's capacity to spatialise stories and ideas as a potential methodology to aid cross-cultural research of this kind.It is hardly controversial to propose globalisation as one of the defining concepts of our era. Its key ideas of flow and instability, of compression of time and space, of hybridity and permeability are now regularly applied to theories of contemporary culture and, by extension, to educational practices. 1 Theoretical literature examining the implications of globalisation on drama and theatre education is, however, relatively limited, with Helen Nicholson (2011) being one notable exception. This paper makes a small contribution to this literature by examining the results of a research project with two groups of primary aged children, one from the UK and the other from Taiwan. In both cases, children were taught the same sequence of four drama sessions in their native languages, based on The Water Ghost, a story drawn from the Chinese folk tradition. The article will examine the particular responses of the two groups to this work through theoretical perspectives relating to literature on globalisation. In doing so, we do not set out to present a political argument, although there are ethical implications that we consider, but rather to reflect critically upon evidence of significant contemporary processes in action. In this way we seek to contribute, through close analysis, to an understanding of how these processes can be seen to work. The article also illustrates, we think, drama's capacity to spatialise

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Section: Discussion Of Findings: Comparing Cultural Discourses Of Frimentioning

confidence: 99%

Navigating the boundaries of cultural difference through participatory drama

Winston

Lin

2015

Research in Drama Education: The Journal of Applied Theatre and

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“…Altruism to kin, to friends and to strangers was advocated by Confucianism (Luo, 2012;Mullis, 2010;Munro, 2002). Confucianism considered genetic relatedness as the criterion of altruism behavior (Nichols, 2013;Mullis, 2010;Wee, 2014;Zwick & Fletcher, 2014). Reciprocal altruism is also proposed, and reciprocal friendship is of crucial importance in cultivating moral traits (Mullis, 2010).…”

Section: Implicit Attitudes Towards Three Kinds Of Altruismmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Confucianism considered genetic relatedness as the criterion of altruism behavior (Nichols, 2013;Mullis, 2010;Wee, 2014;Zwick & Fletcher, 2014). Reciprocal altruism is also proposed, and reciprocal friendship is of crucial importance in cultivating moral traits (Mullis, 2010). Altruism to strangers is also advocated by Confucians (Wang, Zhang, & Wang, 2008), but its role is unimportant.…”

Section: Implicit Attitudes Towards Three Kinds Of Altruismmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Implicit Attitudes of Chinese University Students towards Altruism: Evidence from Single Category Implicit Association Test

Wu¹,

Guo²

2016

PSYCH

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IAT measures are supposed to be able to remove the effects that come from people's natural tendency to believe that they have socially desirable traits. In the present study, the Single Category Implicit Association Test (SC-IAT) was used to explore implicit attitudes and self-images of Chinese university students with respect to altruism. Three kinds of altruism (general altruism, kin altruism and reciprocal altruism) were considered to detect the participants' implicit attitudes and self-images. Specific wording was incorporated in the SC-IAT measures to explore whether the students believed that apparent altruism in others was honest or hypocritical. The results show: 1) Chinese students generally hold positive implicit attitudes towards kin, reciprocal, and general altruism, but the positive attitudes towards reciprocal and kin altruism are significantly stronger than towards general altruism. 2) Chinese students regard themselves neither as altruistic nor selfish in their implicit self-concepts. 3) Chinese students tend to judge altruism as honest rather than hypocritical behavior, especially in the cases of kin and reciprocal altruism.

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“…29 See, e.g. Lai (1996), Hall and Ames (1998, 257-269), and Mullis (2010). 30 While it is not exactly from a user-perspective, I think the TED talk given by Cynthia Breazeal on The Rise of Personal Robots (http://www.ted.com/talks/cynthia_breazeal_the_rise_of_personal_robots.html) has nicely illustrated the potential of the Confucian ethics of technology I have elaborated in the current paper.…”

Section: Concluding Remarks: Towards a Confucian Ethics Of Technologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Dao, Harmony and Personhood: Towards a Confucian Ethics of Technology

Wong

2011

Philos. Technol.

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A closer look at the theories and questions in philosophy of technology and ethics of technology shows the absence and marginality of non-Western philosophical traditions in the discussions. Although, increasingly, some philosophers have sought to introduce non-Western philosophical traditions into the debates, there are few systematic attempts to construct and articulate general accounts of ethics and technology based on other philosophical traditions. This situation is understandable, for the questions of modern sciences and technologies appear to be originated from the West; at the same time, the situation is undesirable. The overall aim of this paper, therefore, is to introduce an alternative account of ethics of technology based on the Confucian tradition. In doing so, it is hoped that the current paper can initiate a relatively uncharted field in philosophy of technology and ethics of technology.

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Confucius and Aristotle on the Goods of Friendship

Cited by 28 publications

References 11 publications

Navigating the boundaries of cultural difference through participatory drama

Navigating the boundaries of cultural difference through participatory drama

Implicit Attitudes of Chinese University Students towards Altruism: Evidence from Single Category Implicit Association Test

Dao, Harmony and Personhood: Towards a Confucian Ethics of Technology

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