Congenital Heart Disease

Inaba, Alson S.

doi:10.1016/b978-141600087-7.50033-7

Cited by 1 publication

(1 citation statement)

References 30 publications

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“…CHDs can be generally classified into four major subtypes according to the pathophysiological mechanisms of CHDs, including left-to right circulatory shunts, right-to-left circulatory shunts, right ventricular outflow tract obstruction (RVOTO), and left ventricular outflow tract obstruction (LVOTO) ( 6 ). Left-to-right circulatory shunts refer to the situation in which the oxygenated blood is shunted into chambers or vessels that carry deoxygenated blood due to the abnormal connection between the left and right side of the heart or between aortic and pulmonary artery ( 7 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exposure to essential and non-essential trace elements and risks of congenital heart defects: A narrative review

et al. 2023

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Congenital heart defects (CHDs) are congenital abnormalities involving the gross structures of the heart and large blood vessels. Environmental factors, genetic factors and their interactions may contribute to the pathogenesis of CHDs. Generally, trace elements can be classified into essential trace elements and non-essential trace elements. Essential trace elements such as copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), iron (Fe), selenium (Se), and manganese (Mn) play important roles in human biological functions such as metabolic function, oxidative stress regulation, and embryonic development. Non-essential trace elements such as cadmium (Cd), arsenic (As), lead (Pb), nickle (Ni), barium (Ba), chromium (Cr) and mercury (Hg) are harmful to health even at low concentrations. Recent studies have revealed the potential involvement of these trace elements in the pathogenesis of CHDs. In this review, we summarized current studies exploring exposure to essential and non-essential trace elements and risks of CHDs, in order to provide further insights for the pathogenesis and prevention of CHDs.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%