Congestion Avoidance in Intelligent Transport Networks Based on WSN-IoT through Controlling Data Rate of Zigbee Protocol by Learning Automata

Abstract

Congestion control is one of the primary challenges in improving the performance of wireless sensor networks (WSNs). With the development of this network based on the Internet of Things (IoT), the importance of congestion control increases, and the need to provide more efficient strategies to deal with this problem is strongly felt. This problem is even more important in applications such as Intelligent Transport Systems (ITSs). This article introduces a new method for congestion control in ITSs based on WSN-IoT infrastructure, namely, the Congestion Avoidance by Reinforcement Learning algorithm (CARLA). The purpose of the research was to improve the performance of the Zigbee protocol in congestion control through more efficient routing and also the intelligent adjustment of the data rate of the nodes. For this purpose, a topology control and routing strategy based on the multiple Bloom filter (MBF) is proposed in this research. Further, learning automata (LA) was used as a reinforcement learning model to adjust the data rate of network nodes in a distributed manner. These strategies distinguish the current research from previous efforts and can be effective in reducing the probability of congestion in the network. The performance evaluation results of the proposed algorithm in a simulated ITS environment were compared with conventional Zigbee and state of the art methods. According to the results, CARLA can improve PDR by 4.64%, and at the same time, reduce energy consumption and end-to-end delay by 11.44% and 25.26%, respectively. The results confirm that by using CARLA, in addition to congestion control in the ITS, energy consumption and the end-to-end delay can also be reduced.

Congestion control in constrained Internet of Things networks

“…The research as well as industrial communities have identified various issues in IoT networks, including heterogeneity, security, congestion, energy efficiency, mobility, reliability, and quality of service, among others [4]. Congestion control has been identified as one of challenges that needs to be addressed in order to keep pace with the steep growth in IoT networks [5,6]. Figure 1 illustrates a typical example of an IoT network.…”

A Review on Congestion Mitigation Techniques in Ultra-Dense Wireless Sensor Networks: State-of-the-Art Future Emerging Artificial Intelligence-Based Solutions

“…The extremely high density of IoT device connectivity will bring several problems. Congestion is one of the major problems of IoT networks powered by wireless sensor networks (WSNs) [2][3][4][5].…”