Conidial Emulsion Formulation and Thermal Storability of Metarhizium anisopliae against Red Palm Weevil, Rhynchophorusferrugineus Olivier (Coleoptera: Dryophthoridae)

Lei, Cheong Jia; Halim, Najihah Abdul; Asib, Norhayu; Zakaria, Azlina; Azmi, Wahizatul Afzan

doi:10.3390/microorganisms10071460

Cited by 11 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…A stock of an oil-in-glycerol emulsion formulation containing M. anisopliae strain Met-Gra4 was prepared following the method of Cheong et al [ 11 ] with minor modifications. The conidia were prepared in two forms: oil-emulsion formulated and non-formulated (dry-harvested conidia suspended in 0.05% aqueous Tween 80).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…R 2 was used to assess the strength of the relationship between the LT 50 values of different treatments in each bioassay. The infectivity of the conidial formulation was adjusted by subtracting the natural mortality observed in the control treatment (0–5%) using Schneider Orelli’s formula [ 11 ]:

…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the current biocontrol technique that uses dry-harvested conidia powder has revealed a significant decline in conidial viability over time [ 10 ]. Cheong et al [ 11 ] developed a formulation system to enhance the biological performance of this particular fungal isolate. The system aims to achieve a high success rate of conidial adherence to the RPW cuticle upon germination while minimizing environmental damage to the viable conidia.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Bioefficacy of an Oil-Emulsion Formulation of Entomopathogenic Fungus, Metarhizium anisopliae against Adult Red Palm Weevil, Rhynchophorus ferrugineus

Lei

Ahmad

Halim

et al. 2023

Insects

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The red palm weevil (RPW), Rhynchophorus ferrugineus, poses a severe threat to agro-industrial crops, particularly major cultivated palm species. Infestations result in economic losses due to reduced fruit quality and yield. The entomopathogenic fungus, Metarhizium anisopliae, has shown promise as a potential biocontrol agent against the RPW. However, the use of an emulsion formulation of M. anisopliae for managing this serious insect pest has yet to be fully explored. The oil-emulsion formulation containing this entomopathogen may enhance the conidia’s stability, prolong its lifetime, and reduce the impact of heat stress or UV irradiation on the fungus. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the bioefficacy of a new oil-in-glycerol emulsion formulation on mycoinsecticidal activity against RPW adults by direct and indirect bioassays. Results showed that conidia concentration was directly proportional to the RPW mortality percentage. The LT50 of 8.183 days was achieved by the conidial formulation against RPW, with a significantly lower LC50 (1.910 × 105 conidia mL−1) compared to the aqueous conidia suspension (LT50 = 8.716 days; LC50 = 7.671 × 105 conidia mL−1). Indirect bioassays revealed that the oil-in-glycerol emulsion had a disease-spreading ability that resulted in up to 56.67% RPW mortality. A zero E-value reading indicates that the DNA sequence being studied is highly similar to that of the fungal species M. anisopliae, which has been identified in the NCBI database. Although the new emulsion formulation has improved the efficacy and pathogenicity of M. anisopliae in vitro, it is important to also consider the fungal pathogen’s compatibility with other agricultural practices to prevent any loss of control efficiency in the actual usage environment.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Bioefficacy of an Oil-Emulsion Formulation of Entomopathogenic Fungus, Metarhizium anisopliae against Adult Red Palm Weevil, Rhynchophorus ferrugineus

Lei

Ahmad

Halim

et al. 2023

Insects

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“…anisopliae proposes a possible field application. The formulation is stable over time and can prolong conidial shelf-life compared to unformulated conidia [ 274 ]. Potential pathogenic bacteria for RPW mainly belong to the Gram-positive Bacillus sp., Gram-negative Serratia sp., and Pseudomonas aeruginosa [ 261 ].…”

Section: Bacteria Symbionts Of Red Palm Weevilmentioning

confidence: 99%

“Ectomosphere”: Insects and Microorganism Interactions

et al. 2023

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This study focuses on interacting with insects and their ectosymbiont (lato sensu) microorganisms for environmentally safe plant production and protection. Some cases help compare ectosymbiont microorganisms that are insect-borne, -driven, or -spread relevant to endosymbionts’ behaviour. Ectosymbiotic bacteria can interact with insects by allowing them to improve the value of their pabula. In addition, some bacteria are essential for creating ecological niches that can host the development of pests. Insect-borne plant pathogens include bacteria, viruses, and fungi. These pathogens interact with their vectors to enhance reciprocal fitness. Knowing vector-phoront interaction could considerably increase chances for outbreak management, notably when sustained by quarantine vector ectosymbiont pathogens, such as the actual Xylella fastidiosa Mediterranean invasion episode. Insect pathogenic viruses have a close evolutionary relationship with their hosts, also being highly specific and obligate parasites. Sixteen virus families have been reported to infect insects and may be involved in the biological control of specific pests, including some economic weevils. Insects and fungi are among the most widespread organisms in nature and interact with each other, establishing symbiotic relationships ranging from mutualism to antagonism. The associations can influence the extent to which interacting organisms can exert their effects on plants and the proper management practices. Sustainable pest management also relies on entomopathogenic fungi; research on these species starts from their isolation from insect carcasses, followed by identification using conventional light or electron microscopy techniques. Thanks to the development of omics sciences, it is possible to identify entomopathogenic fungi with evolutionary histories that are less-shared with the target insect and can be proposed as pest antagonists. Many interesting omics can help detect the presence of entomopathogens in different natural matrices, such as soil or plants. The same techniques will help localize ectosymbionts, localization of recesses, or specialized morphological adaptation, greatly supporting the robust interpretation of the symbiont role. The manipulation and modulation of ectosymbionts could be a more promising way to counteract pests and borne pathogens, mitigating the impact of formulates and reducing food insecurity due to the lesser impact of direct damage and diseases. The promise has a preventive intent for more manageable and broader implications for pests, comparing what we can obtain using simpler, less-specific techniques and a less comprehensive approach to Integrated Pest Management (IPM).

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“…Co-formulants such as sunscreens, humectants, emulsifiers, stickers, etc. can promote physical contact between EPF and the target insect, enhance infectivity, and/or protect the EPF from harsh environmental conditions (see, for instance [ 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 ]). Furthermore, co-formulants can also confer properties such as extended shelf life or compatibility with conventional application machinery, which improve the marketability of EPF-based commercial products.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Persistence of Metarhizium brunneum (Ascomycota: Hypocreales) in the Soil Is Affected by Formulation Type as Shown by Strain-Specific DNA Markers

Hernández

Sant

Martínez

et al. 2023

JoF

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The genus Metarhizium has an increasingly important role in the development of Integrated Pest Control against Tephritid fruit flies in aerial sprays targeting adults and soil treatments targeting preimaginals. Indeed, the soil is considered the main habitat and reservoir of Metarhizium spp., which may be a plant-beneficial microorganism due to its lifestyle as an endophyte and/or rhizosphere-competent fungus. This key role of Metarhizium spp. for eco-sustainable agriculture highlights the priority of developing proper monitoring tools not only to follow the presence of the fungus in the soil and to correlate it with its performance against Tephritid preimaginals but also for risk assessment studies for patenting and registering biocontrol strains. The present study aimed at understanding the population dynamics of M. brunneum strain EAMb 09/01-Su, which is a candidate strain for olive fruit fly Bactrocera oleae (Rossi, 1790) preimaginal control in the soil, when applied to the soil at the field using different formulations and propagules. For this, strain-specific DNA markers were developed and used to track the levels of EAMb 09/01-Su in the soil of 4 field trials. The fungus persists over 250 days in the soil, and the levels of the fungus remained higher when applied as an oil-dispersion formulation than when applied as a wettable powder or encapsulated microsclerotia. Peak concentrations of EAMb 09/01-Su depend on the exogenous input and weakly on environmental conditions. These results will help us to optimize the application patterns and perform accurate risk assessments during further development of this and other entomopathogenic fungus-based bioinsecticides.

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Conidial Emulsion Formulation and Thermal Storability of Metarhizium anisopliae against Red Palm Weevil, Rhynchophorusferrugineus Olivier (Coleoptera: Dryophthoridae)

Cited by 11 publications

References 52 publications

Bioefficacy of an Oil-Emulsion Formulation of Entomopathogenic Fungus, Metarhizium anisopliae against Adult Red Palm Weevil, Rhynchophorus ferrugineus

Bioefficacy of an Oil-Emulsion Formulation of Entomopathogenic Fungus, Metarhizium anisopliae against Adult Red Palm Weevil, Rhynchophorus ferrugineus

“Ectomosphere”: Insects and Microorganism Interactions

Persistence of Metarhizium brunneum (Ascomycota: Hypocreales) in the Soil Is Affected by Formulation Type as Shown by Strain-Specific DNA Markers

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